Film Review :: essays research papers

WRITING A FILM REVIEWBe sure to check out ingest spoken languageIn writing your film review, remember that your writing is intended to be persuasive. Additionally, your writing should demonstrate clearly that you not only viewed the film, but also remove the wise or play which formed the basis of the film.Paragraph 1 Offer your overall impression of the film while mentioning the movies title, director, and key actors.Paragraph 2 Summarize the plot of the film, noting differences from the original novel or play.Paragraph 3 How did the actors portray key character roles? Did they fulfill your expectations given your knowledge of the original novel or play?Paragraph 4 Were any particular film techniques used in key scenes? How did the film techniques and music enhance the setting and themes of the film? Paragraph 5 Address how well the film represents the themes of the novel or play. Offer evidence for your opinion. Remember to mention use of symbols and literary devices. Do they & quot move" from the novel/play into the movie well?Paragraph 6 Ending paragraph--your last opportunity to convince the reader. Offer a clincher that tells the reader to get wind the film or not.Film TerminologyGeneral Terms Shot continuous, unedited piece of film of any length Scene a serial publication of nips that together form a complete episode or unit of the narrative Storyboard Drawn up when designing a production. Plans AV text and shows how individually shot relates to sound track. (Think comic strip with directions - like a rough draft or outline for a film.) Montage The editing together of a large number of shots with no intention of creating a continuous reality. A montage is practically used to compress time, and montage shots are linked through with(predicate) a unified sound - either a voiceover or a piece of music. Parallel action narrative strategy that crosscuts between two or more separate actions to create the illusion that they are occurring simultaneous lyShotsLong Shot Overall view from a distance of whole scene often used as an establishing shot - to set scene. Person - will show whole body. Medium or Mid Shot Middle distance shot - can give background information while still focusing on subject. Person - usually shows waist to head. Close Up Focuses on event / expression / reaction. Person - shows either head or head and shoulders. Tracking shot single continuous shot made with a camera woful along the ground

Surfing Is Supposed To Be Para :: essays research papers

Surfing is Supposed to be Paradise Every time a new untouched nirvana is discovered, the first thing everyone wants to do is visit it. By their unite enthusiasm to find these sanctuaries people bring the cage of society with them. Very quickly it becomes necessary to erect bars to keep people out.William Tucker Is constitution Too Good For Us?William Tuckers essay Is Nature Too Good For Us discusses the complications with the environmental movement to set aside pieces of land as wilderness. One of the of import points of Tuckers argument brings up the problem with preserving natural land as wilderness is that these wild paradises often conflict with peoples desire to visit these paradises and experience them. Tucker uses the pattern of Kauai as a paradise that has been ruined by the overuse and overpopulation. Tucker describes how in 1964 the Sierra Club put out an article on the relatively unknown island and by 1979 Time magazine ran an article in which some of the local peop le expressed their desire to keep outsiders out. The issue of protecting paradise is a hotly debated topic that is currently being fought over by surfers. To a surfer nothing is more rewarding than the search and discovery of holy uncrowded quavers. This notion of the search for uncrowded surf was brought to the attention of the general public with the 1963 release of Bruce Browns The Endless Summer. The film documented two surfers traveling rough the world to exotic locales previously left unexplored by the surfers of Western civilization. The images that Brown brought back to mainstream movie screens forever changed the lives of surfers. This film changed how surfers viewed the world. No longer were surfers control to their local coastlines, they were inoculated with desire to seek out their own paradise. Over the years many surfers have found their little piece of paradise and never left. sooner these surfers have opted to spend the rest of their lives surfing the waves they initially had intended to just visit and experience. They never left these beaches because the waves were uncrowded and the beaches were breathtakingly beautiful. Compare this to the modern industrial places in the U.S such as Los Angeles or San Francisco and you can see why surfers are constantly searching for paradise. Surfers get tired of surfing in crowded, polluted, and poor wave producing areas, so they travel.

Les Miserables, Theme (forgiveness, Self Sacrifice, And Courage) :: essays research papers

It is precisely of him that I wished to speak. Dispose of me as you please but help me first to carry him home. I unaccompanied ask that of you. Upon examination of Les Miserables, it is clearly evident that the elements of Forgiveness, Self Sacrifice, and Courage are merely a a few(prenominal) of the main themes Hugo wanted to develop. First off, is the element of forgiveness. In a book of mistrust, poverty, and hateforgiveness thrives in the world of Les Miserables. The first physical exertion of this was at the very beginning, when Jean Valjean stayed with the bishop. Valjean stole his fundsand ran off. He ends up being caught by police, but when the police questioned the bishop, he claimed to have given the silver to Valjean. Jean was confuseand the bishop claimed that with the silver, he had purchased the convicts soul, and had given it to God, and from that day forward, Valjean must be a good man. Another example of forgiveness goes two ways. Javert, in his unyielding p ursuit of Valjean, is captured by revolutionaries. In reward for saving the lives of a few of these revolutionaries, Valjean asks for, and gets, permission to take Javert outside, and kill him. Once outside, a small monologue occursand Valjean releases Javert, and lets him go free. Valjean just wanted to be left alone in peace, and hoped this typify of kindness would change Javert, and make him realize that Valjean was no longer the man he was. The second wayis that in the end, after Javert finally captures Valjean, he lets him go. Since Javert had downhearted the law that he loved so dearly, he kills himself shortly thereafter, by parachuting into a river. Secondly, we come to the element of Self-Sacrifice. This is also another widely used theme in Les Miserables. One such example of this element is with Valjean. He lets Marius and Cosette marry, and for a while, he seems all right with that fact. Later on however, he goes to Marius, and confesses to his past. He tells Marius hi s whole story, and thinks it best if he never sees Cosette again. Marius agreesbut allows Valjean the occasional visit. Only at the end, does Marius realize what a good man Valjean isand by then it was withal late. Valjean dies shortly after Marius and Cosette visit him to ask him to come back and live with them.Les Miserables, Theme (forgiveness, Self Sacrifice, And Courage) essays research papers It is precisely of him that I wished to speak. Dispose of me as you please but help me first to carry him home. I only ask that of you. Upon examination of Les Miserables, it is clearly evident that the elements of Forgiveness, Self Sacrifice, and Courage are only a few of the main themes Hugo wanted to develop. First off, is the element of forgiveness. In a book of mistrust, poverty, and hateforgiveness thrives in the world of Les Miserables. The first example of this was at the very beginning, when Jean Valjean stayed with the bishop. Valjean stole his silverand ran off. He ends up being caught by police, but when the police questioned the bishop, he claimed to have given the silver to Valjean. Jean was confusedand the bishop claimed that with the silver, he had purchased the convicts soul, and had given it to God, and from that day forward, Valjean must be a good man. Another example of forgiveness goes two ways. Javert, in his relentless pursuit of Valjean, is captured by revolutionaries. In reward for saving the lives of a few of these revolutionaries, Valjean asks for, and gets, permission to take Javert outside, and kill him. Once outside, a small monologue occursand Valjean releases Javert, and lets him go free. Valjean just wanted to be left alone in peace, and hoped this act of kindness would change Javert, and make him realize that Valjean was no longer the man he was. The second wayis that in the end, after Javert finally captures Valjean, he lets him go. Since Javert had broken the law that he loved so dearly, he kills himself shortly thereafter, b y jumping into a river. Secondly, we come to the element of Self-Sacrifice. This is also another widely used theme in Les Miserables. One such example of this element is with Valjean. He lets Marius and Cosette marry, and for a while, he seems all right with that fact. Later on however, he goes to Marius, and confesses to his past. He tells Marius his whole story, and thinks it best if he never sees Cosette again. Marius agreesbut allows Valjean the occasional visit. Only at the end, does Marius realize what a good man Valjean isand by then it was too late. Valjean dies shortly after Marius and Cosette visit him to ask him to come back and live with them.

Finding One’s Authentic Identity Essay -- Psychology

Deep inside all of us, we know there is someone who we were born as, grow up as, and will die as. We can feel when we are being true to ourselves, and conversely we can feel when we are pretending to be something other than our idiosyncratic selves. However, many people spend a lifetime searching to find exactly who this person is, and how to be this person all the time. However, it is difficult to determine how more of our identity is a non-changeable permanent part of ourselves, and how much has been cast over us like a cloak via external influences including culture, religion, disabilities, family, friends, pop culture, and the media. These perceptions, assumptions, and roles inevitably allude how we develop as people, and often cloud our authentic identities.Unfortunately, many people look to others to define themselves. This often results in being placed in roles we cannot excel in (Kubler-Ross & Kessler). These days, when surgery can alter everything from gender and body sh ape to face image and height, we feel as if we can change our inner identity. Books and self-help workshops shit become very popular as people embark on lifelong journeys of personal growth. People are no longer comfortable to squelch within fixed roles as perhaps our parents and grandparents once did, suggesting that we now have a greater choice over our identities than before. In Philippine culture, the family is the basic whole of society. Personally, my culture has greatly shaped my personal identity because I am a small part of something much greater than myself. In a handed-down Filipino family, the father is considered the head of the family and is viewed as the provider of the family (Enriquez). On the other hand, the mother is responsible for domes... ...Disabled People Issues for Discussion. World Rehabilitation Fund. (1980) n. page. Web. 29 Apr. 2012. .4.Funk, Robert. Disability rights from clique to class in the context of civil rights. New York Praeger, 1987. 7-30 . Web.5.Kitchen, Rob. Out of Place, Knowing Ones Place Space, power and the exclusion of disabled people. 3. 13. 1998. 343-356. Web. 6.Kubler-Ross, Elisabeth, and David Kessler. Life Lessons. New York Scribner, 2003. Print.7.Saroca, Cleonicki. Filipino Women, Migration, and Violence in Australia Lived Reality and Media Image. Kasarinlan Philippine Journal of Third World Studies. 21.1 (2006) n. page. Web. 28 Apr. 2012. .

The Positive Impact of Computers in the Classroom :: Education Technology Essays

The Positive Impact of Computers in the Classroom Computers have been integrated in almost either panorama of todays society PCs in the home and office, laptops for business traveling, graphics software for the media, and most significantly computers in the classroom. However, the technology of computers has non always been part of the education system and is a relatively new part of the teaching and learning process. In the 1950s large and big-ticket(prenominal) computers were single used by the government and large corporations (Beekman, 2003). In 1958 the National Defense Education Act extended its funding to whollyow schools the luxury of new technology, plainly the first PC didnt enter the classroom until 1975 when a few Apple I PCs were donated to schools (History, 2004). As computers became smaller and less expensive they integrated themselves as part of society and the education system. In the 1990s school systems began purchasing PCs for classro oms and labs. Soon after the introduction of the PCs, the World Wide Web was developed and students and faculty were surfing the web for new informational sources. Now in the 21st century, computers aid in basically every educational aspect. For example, computers are beneficial for saving large quantities of information such as enrollment, attendance, records, grades, assignments, tests, etc. This technological advance helps the staff to be more organised and eliminates mistakes. Teachers benefit from computers because they can quickly compute grades and grade tests through the use of scan-trons, receive assignments as email attachments, and save all homework and tests pre-typed on disks. alone of these things allow teachers to dedicate more time to teaching and less time for preparations and after school work. Also computers in the classroom not only gives students more sources of knowledge, but they also give teachers the option of obtaining news articles, pictures , sources, and education web sites from the internet. Even though computers are everywhere in the school and benefit all staff and faculty, the students by far receive the most benefits from integrated classroom technology, Sasa Petricici of CBCs The National, visited schools that have integrated computers into the classroom.

The Positive Impact of Computers in the Classroom :: Education Technology Essays

The Positive Impact of Computers in the Classroom Computers have been integrated in almost every aspect of todays society PCs in the home and office, laptops for business traveling, graphics softw atomic number 18 for the media, and most signifi preservetly computers in the classroom. However, the technology of computers has not always been give away of the education system and is a relatively new part of the teaching and learning process. In the 1950s large and expensive computers were only used by the government and large corporations (Beekman, 2003). In 1958 the National Defense Education Act extended its funding to allow schools the luxury of new technology, but the first PC didnt enter the classroom until 1975 when a few Apple I PCs were donated to schools (History, 2004). As computers became smaller and less expensive they integrated themselves as part of society and the education system. In the 1990s school systems began purchasing PCs for classrooms an d labs. Soon after the introduction of the PCs, the World grand Web was developed and students and faculty were surfing the web for new informational sources. Now in the 21st century, computers aid in basically every educational aspect. For example, computers are beneficial for saving large quantities of information such as enrollment, attendance, records, grades, assignments, tests, etc. This technological advance helps the staff to be more organized and eliminates mistakes. Teachers benefit from computers because they can quickly compute grades and grade tests through the use of scan-trons, receive assignments as email attachments, and save all homework and tests pre-typed on disks. All of these things allow teachers to pull more time to teaching and less time for preparations and after school work. Also computers in the classroom not only gives students more sources of knowledge, but they too give teachers the option of obtaining news articles, pictures, sources, a nd education web sites from the internet. Even though computers are everywhere in the school and benefit all staff and faculty, the students by far receive the most benefits from integrated classroom technology, Sasa Petricici of CBCs The National, visited schools that have integrated computers into the classroom.

Gaudi’s Remarkable Sagrada Familia

Barcelona is a beautiful microcosm of Spanish civic culture on the larger scale. Spain is a nation that has seen hostile modernization in certain aspects of its vacuum tubepolitan orientation, which are deeply accommodating to the influx of international businesses, the array of luxury living demands and the heavy flow of tourism that reaches many of its more popular destinations. As just such a destination, Barcelona is effectively illustrative of the type of growth that marks parts of Spain with massive storied structures and state of the are technological provisions.Simultaneously though, Barcelona is a window into Europes remarkable and artful history, with castle w boths, sprawling plazas and roughshod cobblestone pass a clear mass of the citys medieval grounding. The seamless integration of the preserved and the modern is a characteristic which identifies the city and its near storied architect, the mercurial and ambitious Antoni Gaudi.His works appealed to the grand an d gothic ambitions of those architectural value systems which preceded him, but his vision also held fast to a dedicated experimentalism which ornamented his designs elaborate, building complex and a good deal shockingly liberal uses of image and color. This is an appearance which today can be seen virtually everywhere in the city of Barcelona, and most nonably, in the wondrous and markedly incomplete masterpiece that is Sagrada Familia. A Roman Catholic Church of the most dramatically unique vision, the building which was begun in 1882 under Gaudis direct surveillance is still under construction even today.Remarkably, a building that has been in a state of continuing development from its conception to present day, obstructed in the intervening years by the long bloody civil war which gripped Spain from the second World War through to the end of the Cold War, is one of the most magnetic tourist attractions in Spain. This is because there are few structures in the world which are as ambitions in their simultaneous detail and enormity. Sagrada Familia is essentially the ongoing manifestation of an architectural vision so complex and precise as to warrant a process of realization which far outlives its originator.Indeed, when Gaudi passed away in 1926, with the building understandably still quite far from finished, Domenech Suganyes would take over the post. (Wikipedia, 1) To date, Sagrada Familia has been the obsession of no less than six head architects. (Burry, 1) A view of the structure explains preferably quickly why this is so. A piece which incorporates some aspects of baroque architectural intent, particularly in the heavy focus on religious symbolism through catholic eyes, the cathedral must be seen as something of a post-modern work.Its uniquely elaborate use of color and its bold towers are unlike anything in the Catholic tradition prior, seeming not just to indulge in the type of gilded excess seen in the Vatican of the preceding centuries, but a lso to aggressively keep an eye on counter-traditional and disarming appearance and effect. The primary argument for this observation may be in the technology which helped to steer Gaudi. When commission for the cathedral, he was aware that the works were complex and difficult and tried to take advantage of all the modern techniques available.And so, among other resources, he had railway tracks laid with small wagons to transport the materials, brought in cranes to lift the weights and had the workshops turn up on the site to make the work easier. (Sagrada Familia, 1) This is the precedent, in fact, for the raging controversy presently engaged between a city which intends to run an underground metro route beneath the invaluable structure and a slew of neighbors, architects and historians who fear the impact of such as decision.In a manner, Sagrada Familia does look and feel precarious, and not because of its continuing construction but because of that which has already been accom plished. Namely, the dozen towers of varying high which have already been completed taper sharply as they reach the heights of the city. Their collective facade is laden with precise sculptures depicting all manner of Catholic ephemera. According to our research, Gaudi originally used live models to capture the detailed visages, divinities and animals represented in dense array on the outside of the building.Perhaps most famously, the northeast, or Nativity Facade, is the Sagrade Familias artisitic pinnacle, and was mostly done under Guadis individualised supervision. You can climb high up inside some of the four towers by a combination of lifts and narrow spiral staircasesa vertiginous experience. (Simonis, 294) This draws tourists from all over the world, with the photographed image of the coil shooting down the center of each tower a common vantage in travel guides on the country. though construction crews, machinery and scaffolding are constant, the front portal of the build ing is an incredible sight to be hold.By day, the 20 foot entranceway, gauzed by Gaudis odd, spiderwebbing incongruity, gives view to a brilliantly colored stained glasss. By night, the building is lit from tower to foundation, giving off a stunning golden display. A genius tower reaches up the center of the structure, providing it with its height. Flanked symmetrically by the other towers, it is said to symbolize Jesus, the evangelicals and the apostles. (Robinson, 24) Any speculation to the contrary might quickly be answered by the incredible variety of ways in which the architecture depicts the Christ, through birth, life, death and rebirth.Indeed, the story of Catholicism may well be told thoroughly by the parade of images literally blanketing the whole structure. We can see that ultimately, the design has emphasized detail. The structures hugeness and ambitiousness not to be dismissed, the longevity of the project is more in a flash related to the incredible, almost insane a ttention to detail which distinguishes the structure. To understand the extent to which Sagrada Familia defies the likelihood of classical or modern architecture in its ornately simple(a) state, one must see it.

Christopher Columbus Hero or Tiran

Christopher capital of Ohio is revered as the conqueror of the naked world but many another(prenominal) people study a different expression of his accomplishments. People debate on whether capital of Ohio discoveries were self-credited or completely his regainings. There are two real different views of capital of Ohio, in one hand there is the Italian explorer who discover the Americas and the New cosmea in the other hand there is the Columbus, who should have been condemned for bringing slain truth, diseases, and death to the indigenous inhabitants of the so-called bracing World.Many Americans still admire Christopher Columbus because as his story is traditionally though and passed d force he discovered America. It has been argued over time that Christopher Columbus was not the hero that he is make out to be. After all, every child learns that he was the one trusty for discovering the Americas. From learning that, people immediately think he was a extensive man and never examine the subject any deeper.For the people who look deeper into the events that took place, they find themselves are astounded when they find how cruel he really was. As years pass and new generations seek facts in history rather than a mystique, we start finding that sometimes history gets manipulated concealing facts and only disclosing portions of the truth glorifying some characters byout our history. As a child the information learned in schools about his life only depicted Columbus as a great explorer and colonizer who discovered the New World. Christopher Columbus (c. 31 October 1451 20 May 1506) was a navigator, colonizer, and explorer from the Republic of Genoa, in northwestern Italy, whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continents in the Western Hemisphere. Christopher Columbus sailed to the west across of the Atlantic searching for a better route to Asia but became famous by finding the Americas instead. In 1476 C olumbus almost paid with his life in his scratch trip to the Atlantic.Columbus was part of a commercial fleet that was attacked by French pirates as they sailed destruction to the coast of Portugal. The ship Columbus was sailing on was destroyed and he had to find his way to the Portuguese waterside. He decided to put uptle and in the rail line of the time he spent there he finally got married. Columbus collaborated in a couple of expeditions to Africa acquiring knowledge of the Atlantic Ocean as it flowed east and west from the Canary Islands. Columbus thought that the earth was in shape of a sphere and many contemporary experts of that time disagreed with him.He set his sights into sailing west across the Atlantic believing that it would be a quicker and safer route to India and china. He devised a plan and lobbied for money and ships in fix up to start his experimental voyage. His plan was rejected by the Portuguese and Italian when finally still full of skepticism the Spani sh funded his expedition. Columbus wasnt the first European to find the Americas, Vikings had previously settled in North American for a brief time, in Canada around the 11th century. The politically correct view is that Columbus did not discover America, because people had lived here for thousands of years. Christopher Columbuss explorations and voyages however, directly impacted on how people saw the world. His discoveries led to the exposure of the Americas to European colonization. It was a great time for the import and export of animals, plants and cultures, but in the other hand it brought war and death to the indigenous people who did not precious to be ruled.It also brought to the Americas the beginning of slavery and new deceases and death. When celebrating national holiday for an individuals achievements, a nation shows its appreciation for that individuals accomplishments. In the United States Columbuss Day is a national holiday. But, as we carefully examine Columbus voy ages and ways of establishment in the New World it should change the countrys opinions about the celebration of that holiday.As I see Columbus expeditions through history, his arrival to the Americas was accompanied by death and destruction. Columbus took the credit for discovering the new world. But, in my opinion, it is impossible to discover something that has been there already, someplace being inhabited by people already. As Christopher Columbus proclaimed himself as the founder of the New World, he did not take considered any aspects about the current civilization inhabiting the land, the customs and traditions practiced in the country for as large as they had been there.With only the thought of prosperity in his mind, he introduced slavery to compensate for the non-existence promised of large amounts of gold he gave the Spanish Crown. Christopher Columbus can be argued to be both a hero and/or a villain. When people think of Columbus most think of the hero that started the e xploration of America, which went on to go away the modern day we have now, but based on Columbus actions and pursuits throughout his expeditions and time in America I believe him to be a villain that led to the downfall of many civilizations.Columbus was a very demanding and greedy man when it came to his benefits and the profits of his expeditions. He was also very stubborn and ignorant, by continually believed that he had reached Asia, instead of the Americas until he died in 1506. From the first time he met with indigen Americans in 1492 until he died, Christopher Columbus took advantage of the good nature and hospitality of the natives, and eventually lead them to extinction.Columbus first started his search for a sponsor for his first expedition westward to Asia in about 1474. Columbus was very persistent when it came to finding a sponsor for his expedition he searched and waited for about 18 years before his plan was finally found a patron, in 1492. Columbus main reasons f or his expeditions were in decree to search for a westward trade route to Asia, spread Catholicism to the people of the west, discover any new territory for Spain and of course to boost his own fame as a navigator.Even though Columbus was very lucky to find a sponsor for his expedition, Columbus took on the persona of being very demanding, by making further demands that would increase his own personal gain through this journey, like demanding one one-tenth of anything valuable found in the new lands, being made admiral of the Ocean Sea, as well as being named governor of all new land discovered. Columbus was also a very egocentric person, which most of his demands show.Most of Columbus demands had to do with some kind of leadership role, but shows his overleap of leadership skills when setting up several colonies and all of them being destroyed under his governing. Columbus left for his first voyage on August 3rd, 1492, with tierce ships (the Ni a, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria ). October 12th, 1492 Columbus crew first spotted land, whether because of Columbus lack of knowledge or his misleading belief that Asia was not as far as it was already believed to be, Columbus was convinced that this new land was Asia, but was actually a small island in the central Bahaman Islands.Coming from Europe Columbus believed that Christians had the office to rule lands inhabited by non-Christians so without any regard for the inhabitants (Indios/Taino) of what Columbus called San Salvador (Holy Savior), Columbus claimed it for Spain and Christianity. Columbus and his sailors were greeted very graciously and were shown great good-will by the Taino. alternatively of accepting their generosity and returning it Columbus only saw it as a sign of weakness, which would help him with his own personal gain.He thought that because of their generosity they would be easy to both convert to Catholicism and be conquered. Columbus continued his search for gold by traveling from island to island, claiming them for Spain, again without any esteem for their natives. The first Spain settlement set up by Columbus was on Hispaniola named La Navidad (the nativity). Here the Spanish were showered with gold by the natives of Hispaniola, which convinced the Spanish to stay. In January 1493 Columbus returned to Spain, but despite their generosity Columbus took two dozen Taino (Arawaks) captives, against their will, back to Spain. The somber chronicle of the events that ended in the genocide of the peaceful Arawaks of the Caribbean islands is fully documented in Columbus own letters and journals and in the pages of his most ardent admirer, Father Bartolome de Las Casas, the great contemporary historian of the West Indies who believed Columbus had been divinely inspired to make the Discovery. Upon his return Columbus found the settlement destroyed, so Columbus went on to build another settlement, even after the obvious trial of the first settlement.Once again Columbus le ft the settlement in order to search for more gold around the Caribbean. While away the settler continued to pressure the Taino to provide food and gold, which eventually led to a revolt from the Tanio, because of his lack of leadership Columbus was replaced as viceroy. Before this Columbus allowed the colonist to control Indian labor, on his own accord against the wishes of Queen Isabelle, which would eventually lead to the encomienda system that would play a major role when it came to the destruction of the autochthonic American tribes.During his four expeditions Columbus came in contact with several indigen American tribes his first being the Taino. Columbus was very surprised by the great generosity of these people, because Europe believed so much in their selfish lifestyle and feudalistic ways that this sort of behavior was new to them. The Spanish took this as a sign of weakness and concluded that the Native Americans were very naive and would be easy to conquer and be used as labor.The Spanish took advantage of the Native Americans generosity, using them to mine gold, provide food and build houses. The Spanish showed very little respect to the Natives Americans lifestyle and culture, by forcing them to convert to the roman type Catholic faith. He assisted in the development of the encomienda system played a huge factor in the drop of population in the Native American tribes. Many of the Native Americans captured and forced to work for the Spanish died of overwork, malnutrition and deceases brought over from Europe and the African slave trade.This unfortunately did not stop the Europeans slavery systems, but instead the Native Americans were replaced with African slaves. Christopher Columbus left Spain in search of a trade route that would eventually boost his own fame and wealth, but instead discovered the New World and the altruistic inhabitants that lived there. Columbus only thinking about his and Spains own personal gain made decisions and action s that would assist this cause, but in turn would lead to the destruction of many Native American civilizations.Greed and the hunger for power and domination destroyed in my opinion a large amount of civilizations that some of us only know because of history. As I discover my own New World through history books I see that history is in the eye of the beholder, I see that throughout time a series of events have been doctored in order to give generations a perception of greatness. But, as you dig a little deeper you will find numerous amounts of scripts and publications and at the end of the day is up to you to make your own decision.

Literacy Essay Essay

For as long as I can remember literature has always vie an important bureau in my life. As a young child, I can remember how excited Id be at story time each(prenominal) night before bed. My interest in literature carried on throughout my school years from kindergarten when I was placed in the red bird classify, which was the group of strongest readers. to high schoolwhen I had the benefit of being taught by one of the best English teachers ever, Ms. Irena King.Now as an adult and professional, I am very appreciative of the literary foundation that was laid for me by my family and my teachers. I understand how important literacy is in everyday life. First, as a young child, literacy played a very important role in my life even before I could read. I was always fond of books of all kinds. Coloring books, magazines, and get word booksI loved them all. I remember each trip to the grocery store I would always get a new Little rosy Book.I absolutely had to have the entire collection and would want them read to me each night before bed. My favorite of this collection was The Gingerbread Man. I would sit for hours and look at the pictures. My mother would often encourage me to keep an interest in books. She always kept a subscription of Highlights Magazine for me and I would define the mail each day in hopes that a new issue had arrived. As I grew older, my love for books did not change, but the type of books I valued did.I had the largest collection of Sweet Valley High books and was a faithful subscriber to Fresh Magazine. I think that these are some of my fondest memories from my childhood, and I am so appreciative of my familys support of my passion for reading. Next, my interest for literature carried on from my early years to my school years. This was very evident when I started kindergarten. I vividly remember there were different groups within our kindergarten class.

Children with Reading Problem Essay

The article by Susan M. Tancock focuses its attention to the needs of special school-age s pitchrs. These scholars are considered poor readers. They are usually croupe in discipline and piece of music skills when compared to their classmates (peers). The special instruction that these students receive ordinarily involves the recognition of identifying sounds of letters and words instead of the construction of their meaning within the scope of the text or story. In the article we are told the poor readers are usually asked to read aloud more often than other more dexterous readers.Also, their teachers interrupt their reading instead of encouraging them towards a self monitoring approach to their reading. Tancock stresses the importance of being sensitive to certain ideals when tutoring young children who have reading difficulties. First of all, she feels it is of utmost importance that the tutor should truly believe that their tutee can and will become a good reader and writer . Secondly, she states that the tutee needs predictable physical to help encourage successful reading habits.To accomplish this task it is best if the tutor uses quality children=s hold ups written by well-kn feature causes. Children can be encouraged to Aread like a writer by using themes that are built around the child=s personal interests. This will provide the student with a more in depth involvement with the reading process. Tutors must build lessons around the child=s strengths to build confidence within the child for future reading tasks. The students also need to be encouraged to make predictions in their reading to help develop them into risk takers.In the lesson with Gayla and Chase the author described how Gayla first sets out familiar reading material (books) for Chase to choose from so that he could read aloud. Because Chase is already familiar with these books and has belike read them in the past, it will enable him to be become confident in guessing when it comes to something difficult for him to read. By Gayla=s reminding him to read aloud so that it sounds interesting and stopping him to praise his good efforts, will involve him more in the context of the meaning of his reading efforts.One particular technique that Gayla used, was to have Chase emulate her as she reads to him. This helped to emphasize the diction and inflection for Chase. One of Chases books of choice related to his background knowledge of fishing and this was of enceinte help for him to be able to recall prior knowledge when he read. Before he began reading Gayla engaged him in a conversation virtually his past experiences with fishing. Gayla understood this would allow Chase to explore his mind and make connections to his fishing encounters.She wanted Chase to learn how to find cues for helping himself to make guesses that would at long last lead him out of difficult spots in his reading. Gayla also from time to time used Directed Reading B Thinking Activity (DR TA). In this illustration, Chase made guesses during reading and then by his continued reading he could then discover whether his guesses were correct or incorrect. This practice can in conclusion help a student to apply self-help strategies when reading in the future. Chase was also asked to recall times of difficulty and to discuss ways in which he used to solve those reading problems.Gayla then stimulated his thinking by asking him key questions. During the writing parts of the lesson, Chase was able to apply the cogitate technique when planning what he was going to write about. After brainstorming Gayla then helped him sort his writing by relating it to his prior reading involvement. The finished writing project can also serve as a tool for future successful reading assignment because it is the student=s creation from his own personal relationship with the topic. Chase was then asked to sort some words that he had some difficulty with during his reading and writing session.In this particular student=s case he was asked to sort words beginning with s and sh. After he was done sorting he was asked to write down the a couple of(prenominal) words so that he could make the connection with reading and writing. Finally Gayla read a book she had selected to read to Chase. Even though she had chosen the book, she had even remained within the theme that had been set. But the reading Gayla chose was nevertheless a little bit more difficult. After the lesson was over Chase then chose a book to take home to read to his family.Tancock states, Afluency suffers when children focus their attention more on the details of print than the meaning of the text thus comprehension suffers too. Consequently as a tutor, it should be our responsibility to relieve the unneeded pressures of the details on the printed page, and to allow the child to learn with as much ease as attainable the meaning of the text. Bibliography Tancock, Susan M. AA Literacy Lesson Framework for Children w ith Reading Problems The Readind Teacher, Volume 48. No. 2 Oct. 1994 Word Count 826

African American and Haitian Heritage Essay

There are many different beliefs and values with the African American Culture compa deprivation to the Haitian Culture relating to child fashion and pregnancy. Both of the cultures strike history of having large families in the rural areas, which was viewed as a necessary necessity because of the economic pressures each culture went though. The African American choice of birth control was oral contraceptives compared to the Haitians who used a variety of contraception methods such as the birth control pill, female sterilization, injections, and condoms Kemp (2012) states. The Haitians are generally Catholic which makes them unwillingly to engage in conversations about pregnancy, and their fertility practices. Compared to African Americans who willingly to speak to older family members about their behavior during their pregnancy, or will suspensor guide them with many of the practices and beliefs of a pregnant women.The African Americans view and belief on miscarriage is that many oppose abortion because of their religious or moral beliefs, and others oppose abortion because of moral, cultural, or Afrocentric beliefs WHO (2011) states. These beliefs will cause a delay in decision which makes abortions unsafe, compared to the Haitian Culture who does not talk about abortion openly, it is considered a womens issue. Pregnancy is not considered a disease, or a health problem, many Haitian women seek no prenatal care, create fulltime until talking to, and celebrate their pregnancy as a time of joy. Haitian women also do not eat spices, unless are encouraged to eat vegetables, and red fruits to increase the fetus blood Kemp (2012) claims. Compared to the African American women who seek prenatal care early in their pregnancy, also they respond to being pregnant as any other women in an ethnic group.Furthermore each one of the cultures has views, and beliefs that they follow during their pregnancy. The Haitian women historically would walk, squat, or sit, during labor, practice naturalchildbirth, but since migrating most Haitian women have adopted other practices. The fathers do not participate in delivery, but other female families members offer support Kemp (2012) states. The African American women have many beliefs or myths they moot in during their pregnancy. Pica is the eating of a nonnutritive substance such as soap, needles, dirt, and etc., this practice will aid ease pain during delivery, and reduce nausea Galanti (2012) states. Furthermore African American women believe in many beliefs because it will cause harm to them and the unborn baby, during delivery they believe it is ok to be vocal.In addition during delivery African American women will have granny midwives deliver their unborn baby, and others will start out at the Hospital in advanced labor to reduce the time spent there. Emotional support is provided by other women especially their mother, because men believe it is a private issue between women.The Haitian women belie ve that postnatal is a crucial period of childbearing, immediately after birth they will lay warmly to become more healthy, and clean. After delivery Haitian women believe that their bones are open which makes them stay in bed 2-3 days postnatal Galanti (2012) states so the bones can close. Another postpartum practice is the three baths, the first three days the mother will bathe in live(a) boiled water that will have leaves, bought or picked from the field.Then for the next three days the mother will bathe in water and leaves change by the sun. At the end of the third week the mother takes the third bath which is cold, Haitian women also avoid white foods during this period. Compared to the African American women during postpartum period family support is needed to care for them six to eight weeks after delivery Galanti (2012) states. Babies were not named until after they were known to survive, and the placenta has a spirit of its own which has to be buried after birth to avo id having a connection to the baby. Increased vaginal bleeding is a sign of a sickness, and tea is believed to have healing powers Kemp (2012) states.ReferencesGalanti, G. (2012) Cultural Diversity in Health Care African American. Retrieved on January 27, 2013 from www.ggalanti.orgKemp, C. (2012) Haitians Retrieved on January 27, 2013 from www.baylor.eduWorld Health Organization (2011) World Global Cultures Retrieved on January 27, 2013 from www.who.org

The Balek Scales: a Measurement of Injustice

The story The Balek Scales by Heinrich Bll tells the experience of the narrators grandad in the village upon which the Balek family had a firm grip. The Balek family, later known as Balek von Biligan, is part of the elite class, as the quest quote describes the family who lived in the chateau and drove devil carriages, who always maintained one boy from the village while he studied theology at the seminary in Prague (Bll 15-16).There atomic number 18 a lot much details, but given the following acknowledgment, they can be seen as a prominent family from the elite class (Bll 16). The scalesknown as the Balek scales in the story are the Baleks tool for trading mushrooms, herbs, and other tradable goods for moneymarks and pfennigs. No one ever questions their sole possession of the scales.However, the narrators granddad, Franz Brcher, discovers injustice inside the measurement of the Balek scales. Even with this evidence, the efforts of villagers to seek justice are thwarted by the power and influence of the Balek von Biligan family, which Bll portrays as a classic mesh amongst the working and elite classes in The Balek Scales.Injustice is the recurring theme in the story as the Balek scalesthe scales of justice for the villagersfavor the Balek von Biligan clan, as the story suggests in the following lines he pulled the five pebbles from his pocket, held them out to the young woman, and said, This much, fifty-five grams, is short in every pound of your justice (Bll 16).As the line states, the injustice that the narrators grandfather claims in front of Frau Balek von Biligan is the unequal or unfair measurement that the scales present for their foraged goodsmushrooms, herbs, and the like. Inevitably, the injustice results in a short bloody revolt with the Reeves gendarmes overpowering the population.Then everything goes back to normal, with the Balek von Biligan clan whitewash on the driver seatin control. The power of the Baleks is too dependable for Fran z Brchers, whose search for justice is seen as a trivial attempt to overthrow the seemingly unfair rule of the Baleks over the village.Looking at it from a different angle, the village, along with the other two villages, could slang avoided the short bloody revolt if Franz Brcher remained oblivious to the injustice that the Balek scales represented.Upon confronting this injustice, Franz experiences some tragic events, as stated in the following lines the reeves gendarmes arrived stroke and stabbing as they came and removed the scales and the book by force. My grandfathers little sister lost her life, (Bll 16-17) and My grandfathers parents had to leave the village, and the new enrol of their little daughter (Bll 17).Franz Brcher experiences two tragic moments in his lifetime which were caused by the Balek scales. These were his little sisters death and their familys constant migration. This could necessitate been avoided by Franz if he remained ignorant to the injustice mention ed.A classic battle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat classes unfolds in the story of The Balek Scale. Relating the story to the social divisions of society, it is a pointalways has beenthat the rich aim control over those who are not because of the wealth they possess and their strong influence over the government at least(prenominal) a portion of it is attracted to the wealthy of prominent families like the Baleks in the story.The scales of the story represent the injustice in the societythey favor the rich over the worthless most of the time anyway. The scales may actually represent the justice system in society as they can sometimes be distorted in favor of those with money. The story represents this illness that is quite evident in past societies, as well as in todays society. Regardless of how strong is the resolve of the acting hero or deliverer of justice, his efforts are usually just futile.Thus, the story entails a classic battle between the rich and the pit eous. This battle is always intensified by a mere claim for an injustice brought about by the rich, supposedly, which affects the poor many times over. As the following quotation suggests, the injustice that Franz Brcher and his family experience in the village is actually present in every place they went to but did not stay long anywhere because it pained them to see how everywhere the finger of justice swung falsely (Bll 17).This clearly shows how injustice is present everywhere and how great is its effect on those who are least fortunatethe poor. It will surely take a long time to cure this illness of society because those who know about this injustice remain oblivious to its presence in society they are just watching it eat away the true concept of justice.The last two lines in the story are probably the most striking as the Brcher family and many others realize the gravity of injustice in society And those who wanted to listen can encounter the tale of the Baleks von Biligan, whose justice lacked a tenth part. But there were few who listened (Bll 17). In this line, those who receive the painful end of the spear of injustice find it futile to express to the suffering they are feeling caused by the injustice. It is futile because rarely do people listen to their woes and cries for justice.Hardly anyone listens to them because of their place in society as the poor working classduring that time, the poor do not seem to have a strong voice in society. The rich and powerful simply have control over most of them. Any revolt or uprising seems to be thwarted most of the time however, there are times when a revolt becomes successful.Heinrich Blls stor,y The Balek Scales, entails a seemingly unending battle between the rich and the poor as the latter would usually rise against the injustices that the power inflicts upon them and the society. However, it seems that the rich are too powerful and influential to be folded easily. It remains uncertain for the tide of this epic battle to change as many still remain oblivious to the injustices that occur within society.Work CitedBll, Heinrich. The Balek Scales. A Walk in my World International Short Stories about Youth. Eds. Anne Mazer. New York Persea Books, 2000. 917.

Why Music Education Should Be in Schools

shoMusic majors are the most likely group of college grads to be admitted to medical school. Physician and biologist Lewis doubting Thomas studied theundergraduatemajors of medical school applicants. He found that 66 percent of music majors who applied to med school were admitted, the highest percentage of each group. For comparison, (44 percent) of biochemistry majors were admitted. Also, a study of 7,500 university students revealed that music majors scored the highest reading scores among all majors including English, biology, chemistry and math.Sources The Comparative Academic Abilities of Students in commandand in Other Areas of a Multi-focus University, Peter H. Wood, ERIC Document No. ED327480The Case for Music in the Schools, Phi Delta Kappan, February, 1994 Percentage of Americans who believe * Music is a part of a well-rounded education 95% * Music is an activity that a child can enjoy all his/her life 98% * Learning a melodious instrument helps students perform better in opposite subjects 92% * Music brings the family together 90% School band is a good way for unripened people to develop teamwork skills 97% * Schools should offer music as a part of the regular curriculum 93% * Music gives children a sense of achievement 95% * Music helps teach children discipline 92% * Music helps instill an appreciation of arts and culture 96% The U. S. spends more money than any other country in the world per student on education yet does not have the numbers to show it. Japan and Netherlands though put requirements on every single student to be a part of music enriching class through most of primary school

Pest Analysis of Mcdonald

MKT 204 Principle of Marketing 2 Individual Assignment Fast nutriment intentness Swot Analysis Name Ting Ze Kai ID I11008551 Section 5K1 Lecturer Mr CHEAH SIN CHYE Table of content Company Background 3 PEST Analysis 4-9 4Ps St directgies 10-11 References 12-13 Appendix 14 Company Background McDonald is a largest chain of hamburger dissipated fare restaurants in the world. Approximately 68 million customers in 119 countries unremarkable are served. The birth of McDonald began with Raymond Albert Kroc.He found two brothers (Richard and Maurice McDonald) who widen a hamburger restaurant and acquired the franchising right from them to run McDonalds restaurant. In 1955, McDonalds association was founded by Ray Kroc and opened the first restaurant in Des Plaines, Illinois. In 1980, GOLDEN ARHCES RESTAURANTS SDN BHD brings the license to operate McDonalds restaurant in Malaysia from McDonalds Corporation USA in 1980. The first restaurant McDonalds Malaysia opened at Jalan Bukit B intang, Kuala Lumpur. Now, it has to a greater extent than(prenominal) than 200 restaurants operated in Malaysia. PEST Analysis- McDonaldPolitical * Raising retirement age * Healthy Issue * taxation scotch * transmute currencies * Economic growing * Interest rate Social * Seek to better character reference * engineering with teenagers Technology * Online communicatement * Mobile CRM * New engine room Political Raising retirement age According to the V. SHANKAR GANESH and EUNICE AU (2012), they verbalize that the retirement age for the public due southtor has already been raised to 60 by government. It fecal matter be a huge impact for the follow. Normally, company paid amply net for the old workers which contain proud skill and experience.For saving cost, company testament recruit new worker which paid low salary to cover worker near retirement age. But, the retirement age has been step-up and old worker up to now with laid-back salary. It will lead the cost o f labour increasing to the company. Healthy Issue According to the Audrey Edwards (2012), he stated that 35 major food and beverage(F&B) producer and fast food has been asked by the government to disregard the sugar and salt content in their harvest-tide. It implies government will start to enhance the standard of need of the food and request fast food company emphasis on more healthy food.Therefore company should readjustment the standard of their food to reach the government requirement. It might affect the taste of their crossroad and losing their customers. Taxation Prime Minister Dato Seri Najib in Budget 2012 announced franchise fee is now tax deductible in Malaysia. Those fees for franchise business they paid are allowable for tax deduction (NBC, 2011). It is good discussion for those franchise companies. Normally, a rise in corporation tax has the same effect as increase cost. Company will pass some of this tax on to consumer with higher wrong.Whereas, franchise busine ss post use those fees they paid to deduce the tax from company. Therefore, the cost will be diminish and they roll in the hay bring home the bacon more value meal for their customer. Furthermore, they fork let out more capital to find a new commercialize such(prenominal) as hot drinks market, healthy food market and so on Economic Exchange currencies According to the The Star (2012), it mentioned that the ringgit climbed 3. 7% to 3. 0598, the biggest gain since the third quarter of 2010. A head of treasury at Bangkok Bank Bhd said that the currency is on a grouse up trend and could test 3. 3 to the dollar in the near term (The Star, 2012). It means that the exchange currency maintains at the high direct and it will be increasing in the following. McDonald always imports most of its raw material such as beef and potatoes due to local market cannot supply in abundant to resonate the demand of its products. Therefore, the laceing of ringgit makes company cost of purchase d ecrease. Then, company is able to lower their product damage and diversify their forwarding tools to offer more value meal to attract customer.Economic growth According to The Star (2012), it mentioned that Malaysias sparing growth remains strong and is at a comfortable level when compared with that of the global economy and the underlying bank has projected the Malaysian economy would grow at a steady 4%-5% this course of study anchored by resilient domestic demand. As the food slightly above normal foods, not many an(prenominal) people will have the income range to consume the products. Moreover If the economy is bad and their income is affected, the demand of McDonald product will certainly going down.But Malaysias economical remains strong means Malaysian have more disposable income and they can spend more and more expensive food at fast food restaurant. Interest rate Malaysian interest rates currently at three per cent have remained accommodative (The Star, 2012). It co uld be a dangerous for the company. Businesses often need to take out pathetic term loan to make up for shortfall in expenses, so higher interest rate makes such shortfalls more costly, since the business will have to more interest back to lenders. Company besides frequently take out longer term debt for improvement and infrastructure.The higher interest rate, they should face more costly on their debt. Therefore, they should lower their cost of production by using different way and strengthen their marketing strategies to gain more profit to overcome. Social Seek to better quality Malaysian quality of carriage index increased from 100 points for the base year 2000 to 111. 9 points in 2010 (The Star, 2012). When their quality of purport is improved, they have higher expectation. They will start to want have quality in helps and more conveniences that can differentiate one restaurant from another.All these needs should be considered by the company. If company havent noticed it yet, it will be difficult to gain competitive advantage in the market. Technology with teenagers According to the Joy Lee (2012), he mentioned that technology has no doubt brought about the luxury of convenience. Nowadays, veritable(a) a toddler or kid is in tune with technology. It means that technology is changing the life style. Teenagers want technology in their life and facilities such as credit card payment, wireless internet and other attraction for their hangout and eating.So all these need should be considered by McDonald Company. Technology Online advertising During the top of the inning of the tech boom, online business is acquiring normal nowadays. It brings convenient to the customer and company. According to the Jack Komperday (2003), McDonalds sit on the internet advertising side lines. This will get closer with their target market because teenagers get in touch with technology more. Compare with TV advertising, online advertising is more effective and cheaper. Fur thermore, company are easier to spread their new products and news through their official website such as www.Mcdonal. com. my. Customer also can take order easily through their official websites. Mobile CRM According to the Chantal Tode (2012), Mcdonalds will demonstrate a industrious CRM program with the goal of rewarding customer and driving loyalty. The program involves using the Mowingo mobile application to notify customer about regional promotions and store-specific coupons that are exclusive to the app and the store issuing them such as they can get a free coffee or other through the app (Chantal Tode, 2012). This will lead cost saving for the company and attract more customers. New TechnologyTimes have changed and evolution of technology in the fast food industry is picking up the pace. According to the Kerry Pipes (n. d. ), touch-screen kiosks and self-checkout lanes will happen in fast food restaurants such as McDonald, Burger King and so on. These contactless payment k iosks often included colourful, inspire touch-screen menus that give customer the option to browse through the entire menu, customize their order, and then pay with bills a credit card Kerry Pipes (n. d. ). It is very fantastic system for McDonald which is a fast food industry provide fast attends.They give customer more freedom and convenient. It will increase the speed of service and ease long lines. Company also can cut their labour costs due to the apparatus has replaced labour work. 4P Strategies deal with issue Product For dealing the health issue, company can come up new menu with healthy food. McDonalds specialise product is burger so they can come out a healthy hamburger, add salad and fruit with set meal or organic food. It will meet the requirement from government and open new market to attract healthy conscious customer.Furthermore, Malaysias economic is growing, Malaysian has more steady and disposable income and they will choose more expensive and quality food to remunerate them. Therefore, McDonald can adapt better raw material to produce products with high price and high quality such as triple burger, high quality beef burger and so on to satisfy customers taste. Price In marketing mix, price is very important for a product. callable to the franchise fee is now tax deduction in Malaysia, McDonald are able to use more pricing strategies to position their products such as promotion price, value price, price skimming.But for the vegetarian burger and high quality beef burger, company can use pricing skimming method to set initial high price with them into market because they adapt high quality and healthy material to make it and then slowly lowers the price to make the product available to a wider market. It will position the healthy burger with high price high quality in peoples mind. In addition, exchange currencies issues bring the cost of production decrease and hence they can earn more profit. Promotion For the new launching of product, company can advertise new product with bar code.Customer scan the barcode with their smartphone, they can get free drinks with new product. Online advertising is getting normal nowadays. Therefore, company can use various form of online marketing techniques such as banner advertisements, videos or social medial to promote their product. In addition, McDonald, social responsible company so they can expand their online advertising related with social responsible. It can build a positive image in the market. Furthermore, using CRM program maintains customer relationship and loyalty.McDonald has opportunity cooperate with mobile cooperation to wider their range of customers such as customer will get free coupons when they purchase certain brands mobile. Place Malaysians are starting to undertake to better quality now. McDonald should increase their outlets nearby work place, bus station, and airport. Furthermore, they should increase their location of deliver service and provide trai ning for their employee to build a faster and better service for their customer. For the new launching product such as high quality beef burger, they initially can only available a couple of(prenominal) outlets which located upper middle class area.References * V. SHANKAR GANESH and EUNICE AU, 2012. Raising retirement age. Available at http//www. nst. com. my/top-news/raising-retirement-age-1. 94353. Accessed on 19 June 2012 * Audery Edwards, 2012. Passion for food feeds disease. Available at http//thestar. com. my/news/story. asp viper? file=/2012/4/15/ tribe/11069279& south=nation. Accessed on 19 June 2012 * The Star, 2012. Asian currencies complete quarterly gain. Available at http//thestar. com. my/news/story. asp? file=/2012/4/15/nation/11069279&sec=nation Accessed on 19 June 2012 * The Star, 2012.Minister Economic growth stays strong. Available at http//biz. thestar. com. my/news/story. asp? file=/2012/3/26/business/10986390&sec=business Accessed on 19 June 2012 * The Star, 2012. Interest rates remain accommodative. Available at http//biz. thestar. com. my/news/story. asp? file=/2012/3/21/business/20120321195459&sec=business Accessed on 19 June 2012 * Joy Lee, 2012. straight offs toddlers and kids are in tune with technology. Available at http//thestar. com. my/metro/story. asp? file=%2F2012%2F6%2F2%2Fcentral%2F11395408&sec=central.T8nYyO-wHmE. facebook Accessed on 19 June 2012 * The Star, 2012. Report shows better quality of life in 2000-2010. Available at http//thestar. com. my/news/story. asp? file=/2012/6/11/nation/20120611220429&sec=nation. Accessed on 19 June 2012 * sunburn Cheng Li, 2012. Malaysians do their part to protect the environment. Available at http//thestar. com. my/lifestyle/story. asp? file=/2011/4/22/lifefocus/8485754&sec=lifefocus. Accessed on 19 June 2012 * NBC, 2012. Franchisee fee is now tax deductible in Malaysia.Available at http//www. nbc. com. my/ communicate/franchise-fee-tax-deductible-in-malaysia/. Accessed on 19 June 2 012 * Jack Komperda, 2003. Buying Time Online. Available at http//www. usnews. com/usnews/culture/articles/031006/6ads. htm. Accessed on 19 June 2012 * Chantal Tode, 2012. Mcdonalds bites into mobile CRM at over 500 locations this summer. Available at http//www. mobilecommercedaily. com/2012/05/18/mcdonald%E2%80%99s-bites-into-mobile-crm-at-over-500-locations-this-summer. Accessed on 19 June 2012 Appendix

Collaboration To Prevent Zoonotic Disease Health And Social Care Essay

In 1899 Sir Patrick Manson wrote athat the lower remediate beings, particularly. . . those that atomic number 18 closely associated with adult male, play an of import portion in the transmittance of serviceman dis slake is straight off only going to be appreciated. . . for wholeness time in a manner, scientific battleground is vastly in progress of pattern. Our sanitarians and the public do non to the full recognize all that the participation of involvement, as value disease sources, of adult male and animal agencies in the spread of disease. At all events if they do sympathize it they surely do non move as if they appreciated it. Since so, research workers start out discovered a orbit of agencies by which assorted diseases may be transferred from animate beings to raft. Besides direct animate being polish off ( consumption, animate being bites, diseased carnal handling ) these include direct or indirect word picture to septic tissues, piss, spit, secernments or f ecal matters through tegument or mucose membranes, inspiration of contaminated aerosols or dust, bites from arthropod vectors, and research lab accidents ( Baptiste et al, 2005 Dabritz and Conrad, 2010 ) . Bender and Minicucci ( 2007 ) modified the 1959 World Health Organisation definition of zoonotic diseases to be Those diseases and infections that argon of incline transmitted mingled with craniate animate beings and adult male, with the animate beings affaireing as the reservoir where a pathogen lives or persists and multiplies. Despite this practicable for disease conveyancing, it is estimated that 63 % of families ain at to the lowest degree one pet ( McNicholas et al, 2005 ) . The bond between worlds and animate beings has been recognized for many hoary ages, and elevate monomania has been associated with psychological, emotional and physical benefits. Surveies turn out identified stress decline, decreased come upings of depression and disaffection, reduced card iovascular disease, high endurance from myocardial infarctions, reduced hazard of asthma and allergic coryza as advantages of having brother animate beings ( Friedmann et al, 1980 Anderson et Al, 1992 Spencer, 1992b Patronek and Glickman, 1993 Beck and Meyers, 1996 Villar et Al, 1998 Siegel et Al, 1999 McNicholas et Al, 2005 ) . Unfortunately, the zoonotic transmittal of infective diseases amongst immunocompromised persons and their pets is frequently overlooked, ignored or over overdone. While feasible zoonotic pathogens of concern to immunocompromised individuals include Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium spp. , Salmonella spp. , Campylobacter spp. , Giardia lamblia, Rhodococcus equi, Bartonella spp. , Mycobacterium marinum, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Chlamydia psittaci, and zoophilic dermatophytes, grant hygienics and training can dramatically cut down the hazards ( Trevejo et al, 2005 ) . With the exclusion of Bartonella henselae ( cat abrasion disease ) and zoophilic dermatophytes, the predating infections in worlds argon more(prenominal) unremarkably acquired from beginnings other than pets, and the infective disease hazard from having pets is considered low even amongst immunocompromised persons ( Spencer, 1992a Jones et Al, 1999 Robertson et Al, 2000 Mani and Maguire, 2009 ) . However, HIV-infected and immunosuppressed individuals may mollify be advised non to ain pets, or to dispose of their comrade animate beings. Since people atomic number 18 more likely to hold their Canis familiariss and cats vaccinated against hydrophobias than to hold their kids vaccinated against grippe ( Rock and Lail, 2009 ) , fear that they may lose their pets can take sick persons to wholly avoid intervention. Therefore, concern for the health and public aid of pets can supply a strategic gap for conveying info mouth human wellness and health by health condole with professionals. Given that human medical specialty does non by and outstanding explor e the function of animate beings in the transmittal of zoonotic agents, and ex-serviceman medical specialty does non absorb off the clinical facets of human disease, zoonotic disease bar amongst immunocompromised individuals requires engagement of both doctors and veterinaries.Immunocompromised PersonsWhen sing the immunocompromised as a under fire(predicate) population, there is a broad assortment of root causes for resistant map decrease amongst the near immunosuppressed groups. The cardinal similarity between them all is that they are more susceptible to serious unwellnesss from infections associated with pathogens from animate beings, insects, nutrient and H2O. This is due to impaired immune system map which consequences in a decreased ability to battle the resulting infections. Primary or inborn immunodeficiencies are caused by familial or innate upsets, B- and T-cell lacks, and defects in unconditioned immunity, man acquired immunodeficiencies include the acquired immuno deficiency syndrome ( HIV/AIDS ) , impaired unsusceptibility from chemotherapy or radiation, splenectomy, diseases of bone marrow, and protein-calorie malnutrition ( Abbas et al, 2009 ) . Immunosuppressive therapy for grafts of bone marrow, haematopoietic root cells, and solid variety meats enhances the hurtful individualised cause of underlying unwellness or organ failure. Malignancy, diabetes mellitus, Cushings syndrome, gestation, hypogammaglobulinemia, extremes of age, alcohol addiction, and asplenia in any event impair host unsusceptibility to changing grades by impacting endocrine and immune cell degrees, reactions and sensitivenesss ( Abbas et al, 2009 ) .Therefore, it is of import to acknowledge that immunocompromisation is a far making full term which includes those enduring from HIV/AIDS, pregnant adult females, babies younger than 1 twelvemonth, people older than 65 old ages of age, people taking immunosuppressive medicines ( much(prenominal) as transplant organ rec eivers ) , people having chemotherapeutic agents, and people enduring from diabetes, nephritic failure, malnutrition, liver cirrhosis, or assorted other immunosuppressive diseases or conditions. A cautious estimation is that about 20 % of the United States population is considered immunocompromised ( Robinson and Pugh, 2002 ) , and there is no ground to surmise that this is non the same in Canada. This figure is expected to increase as the overall population ages, and as malignant neoplastic disease and HIV/AIDS therapies improve taking affected roles to hold longer endurance rank ( Robinson and Pugh, 2002 ) .Preventing Zoonotic Disease Transmission in Immunocompromised PopulationsThere are of import factors that immunocompromised individuals withdraw to work out with respects to pet ownership, and by and large most writers agree on several cardinal points refering to these issues. First, that immunocompromised persons need to sustainmentfully see the alpha hazards of favore d ownership and that instruction leting them to make so ineluctably to be provided in an empathic, caring environment ( Kotton, 2007 ) . Second, that few immunosuppressed individuals initiate these conversations themselves ( Davis, 2008 ) . Last, that there does non look to be consistent duologue or coaction between the Fieldss of human and veterinary medical specialty ( Lipton et al, 2008 ) .In order to get the better of these jobs and travel towards a declaration of the issue of zoonotic disease transmittal, physician-veterinarian relationships need to be established early. In a survey sing the attitudes of veterinaries and doctors towards zoonotic diseases amongst immunocompromised patients, doctors were uncomfortable discoursing the function of pets in the transmittal of zoonotic diseases. Alternatively doctors preferred that veterinaries initiate those treatments ( Grant and Olsen, 1999 ) . However, without physician suffer, most patients do non see veterinaries as a beginnin g of information sing human wellness ( Beck and Meyers, 1996 Robinson, 2000 McNicholas et Al, 2005 ) . This is despite most veterinaries recognizing their function in public instruction refering zoonotic disease bar, and being prepared for stronger partnerships with public wellness bureaus ( Lipton et al, 2008 ) .As the theoretical account of coaction between wellness professionals alterations into a system of One Health, opportunities to capture schemes particularisedally adopted towards the bar of zoonotic disease inwardly vulnerable immunosuppressed populations could originate. Currently policies uphold in their babyhood as comprehensive, comparative medical specialty has merely late regained widespread entreaty. Generally, schemes have been centred on the distribution of educational booklets and stuffs on the sphere of comrade animate being related zoonotic diseases, or little marks within medical hold countries promoting patients to talk with their wellness professional to arouse bar ( Beck and Meyers, 1996 Grant and Olsen, 1999 Bender and Minicucci, 2007 Pickering et Al, 2008 ) . Unfortunately, despite the fact that these methods may at first appear empowering, it is flimsy that many patients are within the purloin phase of alteration to originate alterations, and then are defiant to utilize the resources. Furthermore, it has been suggested that on norm, veterinaries engaged in treatments sing zoonotic disease merely twice per hebdomad, and doctors seldom, if at all ( Grant and Olsen, 1999 ) . This farther demonstrates the deficiency of information being communicated to patients. However, despite the lack of concrete stairss taken towards seting specific policies into topographic point, the undermentioned suggestions have been put frontward as recommendations for cut downing the transportation of zoonotic disease to immunosuppressed persons.1. Increased public instruction demands to be provided to immunocompromised persons and their hous eholds.a ) pedagogics sing appropriate attention and hygiene of pets, and people in contact with comrade animate beings call for to be provided ( Robinson and Pugh, 2002 Hemsworth and Pizer, 2006 Mani and Maguire, 2009 ) . This includes manus rinsing after contact with pets, either bit good as care of a clean, healthy environment, modus operandi and regular veterinarian attention ( including handling with appropriate parasiticides ) , and regular pet hygiene ( e.g. niping cats claws, cleaning litter box day-to-day, forestalling Canis familiariss from creaming, etc ) ( NASPHV, 2009 ) . It is of import besides that comrade animate beings are spayed or neutered to cut down the potency for contact with venereal secernments. Discussions sing appropriate eating wonts are important, as immunocompromised patients should neer feed their pets natural meat due to the change magnitude hazard of transmittal of pathogens such as Salmonella and tineas to their pets, which can so go vectors t hemselves. Immunosuppressed persons must slip by their ain hygiene, as integral mucocutaneous barriers are one of the few defense mechanisms against development of disease.B ) Recommendations refering appropriate pet purchases and contact with bad species need to be outlined ( Robinson and Pugh, 2002 Hemsworth and Pizer, 2006 Mani and Maguire, 2009 ) . Immunosuppressed individuals should avoid lead any reptilians or amphibious vehicles, wild or alien birds, or gnawers as pets. Additionally, many persons are non cognizant that acceptance of an grownup animate being reduces the opportunities of infection with a GI zoonotic disease.2. alter coaction between wellness attention professionals needs to be maintained in order to place possible zoonotic state of affairss.a ) Health professionals must join forces sing their consciousness of the hazards of infection and showing marks of disease in both human and carnal patients ( Robinson and Pugh, 2002 Hemsworth and Pizer, 2006 Mani a nd Maguire, 2009 ) . Knowledge of susceptible persons within the same family, such as an sick pet or individual, allows wellness attention practicians to give appropriate advice and instructions on bar of disease transmittal. Comprehensive medical focal point programs can so be given in order to maximise life anticipation and minimise morbidity for both human and carnal patients.B ) Dialogue refering zoonotic diseases present in the patient s and the community s environing environment must be undertaken within a squad environment ( Robinson and Pugh, 2002 Kahn, 2006 ) . Currently disease direction is fragmented, with human wellness professionals describing to different administrations and sections in authorities than veterinary professionals. If this were synchronised there would be a greater opportunity of placing possible zoonotic eruptions prior to occurrence, every bit good as hastening local responses required to command events.3. Integrated instruction for doctors and veter inaries can cut down the uncomfortableness that wellness professionals feel at the thought of cooperative treatments.a ) Comprehensive instruction on the proposition of public wellness, zoonotic disease and immunocompromised patients during professional preparation can cut down the fright of treatments on the return ( Grant and Olsen, 1999 Robinson and Pugh, 2002 ) . Combined veterinary and medical preparation both during preparation and through continuing instruction post-graduation through required coursework or workshops ensures consistence in the messages given to patients sing zoonotic disease every bit good as furthering collaborative working relationships between professionals that can transport frontward to hereafter actions.4. There should be increased scientific survey on the subject of disease transmittal between immunosuppressed persons and their pets.a ) Research performed jointly by doctors and veterinaries on the topic of zoonotic disease transmittal could forma lize present twenty-four hours concerns and sentiments ( Robinson and Pugh, 2002 Hemsworth and Pizer, 2006 Kahn, 2006 ) . To day of the month at that place have been no disarrange controlled tests, and few instance control surveies on the subject of disease transmittal amongst immunosuppressed persons, taking to retrieve as to the overall hazards of infection. Misconceptions of elevated hazard of pet-acquired unwellnesss often lead households to acquire rid of darling pets unnecessarily doing indefensible emphasis and depression. This is despite the fact that the bulk of pets do non do any greater hazards to immunocompromised patients than interaction with other people or the environment would ( Burton, 1989 Wallace et Al, 1993 ) .B ) Studies performed jointly by doctors and veterinaries on the topic of successful wellness promotional activities could promote farther integrating of these schemes and enterprises, and create and drift for future tolerate ( Grant and Olsen, 1999 Kahn, 2006 ) . There exists small literature on which wellness promotional schemes appear to hold had a important impact on the decrease of zoonotic transmittal of disease amongst pet possessors.5. Improved profile of health care professionals within the general community can advance discourse in the subject of disease transference between comrade animate beings and their vulnerable proprietors.a ) Evidence of the presence of the support available for immunocompromised patients with pets can take to more unfastened communicating between patients and the health care professionals with whom they interact ( Grant and Olsen, 1999 Lipton et Al, 2008 ) . It is recommended that doctors and veterinaries affiliate with support groups to promote patients to utilize all preventative and diagnostic travel available.Strategic ExamplesAs mentioned, one of the cardinal wellness furtherance schemes recommended by several writers was specialised, comprehensive instruction of the particular imm unocompromised population. Health instruction is geared to better the cognition that a mark population holds sing the specific issue being discussed. A assortment of methods can be used to leave this information, from printed paperss ( including booklets, postings or manuals ) , to various media mercantile establishments ( including telecasting or wireless advertizements or internet web sites ) , to interactive public treatments ( including community meetings and particular involvement groups ) . Currently, wellness instruction sing the transmittal of zoonotic diseases between immunocompromised persons and their comrade animate beings by and large takes the signifier of marks, booklets or postings in medical and veterinary office waiting suites. For best pattern, educational stuffs should be designed by a collaborative squad of doctors, veterinaries, nurses and wellness publicity specializers. For lesson, the Center for Disease Control presently maintains a web site that contains m any client educational resources, including booklets and postings mystifyed at cut downing zoonotic disease transmittal in immunosuppressed populations for medical and veterinary offices ( CDC, 2011a CDC, 2011b ) . These resources are designed by their epidemiological public wellness specializers. Unfortunately, as was mentioned antecedently, even though these are first-class resources, as a inactive resource they are merely utile when they are used, and so make non truly empower the patient. A client s sensed susceptibleness to disease and personal cues to action will play important functions in whether they choose to take the stuff, and so whether they choose to go after their wellness professional in the necessary duologue to do of import changes to their state of affairs. As good, the patient must be willing to take action one time they have acquired the recommendations. So while wellness instruction can ensue in improved communicating with patients as a starting line point for originating treatment, it is merely functional when used as one of an armory of tools, instead than as the first or exclusive agencies of zoonotic disease decrease amongst an immunocompromised population.Another recommendation was for a collaborative team-centered attack, in which wellness attention professionals form a squad to recommend for comprehensive medical direction programs that maximize healthy long lives for both human patients and pets. Since veterinaries have a duty to name, dainty and rede the proprietor or health professional on zoonotic disease it is of import that they feel they are a member of the wellness squad. Their function needs to sanction that doctors and other wellness professionals are given blameless information on the hazards for their patients and practical advice on how to understate infections from happening. As portion of a collaborative squad, doctors should besides be proactive in asking about pet or dog ownership among their immunocompromis ed patients. Physicians must keep consciousness of pet infective diseases and hazards to advocate patients to forestall human infection. Doctors must besides acknowledge the disease in worlds every bit good as develop cognition and taking into custody of clinical syndromes in animate beings, because these may supply a hint to the aetiology of undiagnosed diseases in human patients.In order to ab initio make this positive working relationship, it is recommended that wellness scientific discipline colleges at universities create interdisciplinary nucleus classs necessitating all wellness subjects ( including but non limited to Medicine, Veterinary Medicine, Nursing, national Health ) to work together on public wellness issues. By larning to work together groups pack to understand and recommend for each other, and hence go more expert at recommending for all of their patients. This would so widen to immunocompromised pet proprietors. Unfortunately, developing this type of course of study will take important organizational alteration and has non yet been completed. Organizational alteration seeks to cut down the demand for remedial or reactive policy by making positive, balanced and flexible constructions and schemes to get by with issues as they arise. thriving organizational alteration in this case requires reconstituting of resources and transmutation of methodological analysis, which can merely be undertaken one time all cardinal stakeholders acknowledge and consider the possible effects of disregarding the state of affairs. As mentioned, it is estimated that at least 20 % of the current population is considered to be immunosuppressed ( Robinson and Pugh, 2002 ) . As this per centum grows, the impact of avoiding the reverberations of hit policies will go undeniable. However, legion pupil run interdisciplinary groups exist and one successful illustration of this type of confederation is the Aboriginal, Rural and Remote Health Group ( ARRHG ) from the Unive rsity of Saskatchewan which fosters an interprofessional position on issues affecting vulnerable rural, distant and Aboriginal populations. With members from each of the professional wellness scientific discipline sections on campus, pupils learn to interact and pass on with a diverse array of subjects. In the interim, while waiting for new course of study to be developed, joint medical and veterinary medical workshops based on the success of groups such as ARRHG could be given to educate professionals on the zoonotic hazards to human wellness. By hammering ties, participants of these workshops would non merely go better advocators for their patients, but besides for the plans themselves, promoting universities to rush their bringing.The Role of Public Health ProfessionalsPublic wellness professionals have a important function in disease surveillance. Companion animate beings can be considered the proverbial canary in a coal mine by which wellness boosters can break aim their activ ities based on current needs appraisals. As pets are in intimate contact with members of a human household, they frequently eat similar nutrients, portion the same beds, and serve as travel comrades therefore their disease hazard ends up similar to that of their proprietors. Animals hence may function as incidental lookouts for disease, as their wellness frequently mirrors that of worlds in the same family. Communication between veterinaries, doctors and public wellness functionaries can ease rapid sensing of disease and execution of disease-control and bar schemes to finally minimise damaging wellness effects in both people and animate beings ( Robinson and Pugh, 2002 ) . Public wellness bureaus could increase their engagement in the decrease of zoonotic disease transmittal to immunocompromised persons by going involved in the development of educational stuffs, by moving as affairs between diverse wellness professionals and degrees of authorities, and by run intoing on a regular b asis with the community to discourse concerns sing zoonotic diseases and their bar. Public wellness professionals could be instrumental in developing a secure online method for veterinaries, doctors and public wellness professionals to portion information sing zoonotic diseases within the community and possible methods with which to protect vulnerable groups prior to inclusion of the media.DecisionsZoonotic diseases are a turning public wellness concern, particularly among vulnerable immunosuppressed populations. As more than 75 % of emerging human infective diseases involve zoonotic pathogens ( Lefebvre et al, 2006 ) , and comrade animate beings remain an of import possible beginning of disease for the increasing figure of immunocompromised persons within the population. However, given the emotional and physical benefits of favored ownership, wellness practicians must better their accomplishments in wellness instruction, protagonism and collaborative communicating in order to guara ntee that their patients remain capable of keeping their ain wellness while coexisting with their comrade animate beings.

Review Of Herman And Chomsky Essay

The Manufacturing Consent of media operations written and applied by Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky vocalise that elect mass media be united and interlocked with other institutional sectors in ownership, management and social circles. In democratic societies mass media plays an important voice. They reply to gay race concerns and create aw beness to the state policies important events and military position points.The fundamental principles of democracy depend upon the notion of a reasonably informed electorate that reflects general opinion and respond to public concerns Media is an integral part of the society, media need not be controlled or set to a plan they work united with other sectors.(European Journal of Communication 2002, pg.147).Herman and Chomskys propaganda puzzle has been named as conspiracy speculation because of its readyd view of media behavior, according to them mass media be instruments of power that rebound restrain for special interests that eclip se the state and private activity and mass media acts in unison with other sectors, i.e. the academy, to establish, enforce, reinforce and police corporal hegemony. (European Journal of Communication 2002, pg148) . Herman and Chomsky reject the conspiracy label however the Manufacturing Consents emphasis is on motives of media behavior, in relation to institutional controls.(Herman and Chomsky 1988,pg 1-35).The model light upons that media designs should be explained in structural terms. According to Herman and Chomsky there ar five major droping mechanisms which structure the intelligence operation content. The authors admit that propaganda model cannot give e rattling detail of much(prenominal) a complex matter as the working of the national mass media, the model does not assume that news reporters, editors and other workers are instructed or typically compelled to omit some voices and emphasize others, the model outlines tidy sum below which media will be comparatively ope n or closed.As micro-analysis is not the problem of the Propaganda Model, it solely provides an overview of the system at work, making sense out of a confusing picture by removing the main principles of the system, the basic argument in this context is that meanings are easily filtered by restrictions that are do in the system. The authors argue that meanings are formed at odd levels, as the decisions are understood to be natural and sensible, however the authors do not imply that newsroom workers always make decisions to align themselves with the interests of the dominant elites.(Rai,1995pg46)Herman and Chomsky deliver that all news material goes with five inter related filter restrictions. Leaving only cleansed residue fit to be printed.(Herman and Chomsky1988pg 3-14). The five filter elements are (1) the size, concentrated ownership, owners wealth, and net income orientation of the dominant mass-media (2) advertising as the primary income source of the mass media. (3) the re liance of the media on randomness provided by brass, line of business, and experts funded and approved by the primary sources and agents of power. (Martin and horse cavalry 1997,pg 253-254). (4) Opposition as means of disciplining the media (5) anti-communism as a national religion and control mechanism.(Herman ,cited in Wintonick and Achbar,1994pg108).The first filter restriction emphasizes that media are closely interlinked and luck common interests with other dominant sectors as corporations, the state, and banks. The dominant media sectors are large firms with large businesses they are controlled by real wealthy people or by their managers who are subject to sharp restrictions by the owners. The moment filter emphasizes that the news production process is highly influenced by advertising values ,most media must give away markets(readers) to buyers(advertisers).This dependency can directly influence media performance, Chomsky remarks that media content reflects the intere sts of the sellers, the buyers, and the product .Herman contends that the application of the first and second filters of the propaganda model has greatly influenced the economy the communications industries, and politics went with dramatic changes the two filters ,ownership and advertising have puzzle even more important. The third filter is the news gathering process, the dominant elite provide stir releases, copies of speeches, periodicals, photos, and thus government and corporate sources are attractive to media only for economic reasons. The third filter stresses that the opinions by corporate and state sources are adapted to class interest and market force.Herman and Chomsky stress that the nature of the vulgar relationship between media and sources directly affect the media performance. The respectable can use personal relationships, threats, rewards, to influence media. The media under obligations may carry untrue stories in redact not to offend their close relationshi p with the sources. The twenty-five percent filter, flak, means the state the dominant social institution which has power and resources to force the media to play a propagandist role in societyHerman and Chomsky explain that flak refers to negative responses to media statement, it may involve individuals or nonsymbiotic action, and the authors contend that preferred meanings are structured by dominating official sources, in this way news may be skewed in the desired direction. The fifth filter, the anti-communism has been replaced by otherness Its the whim of scaring people, creating fear, hatred, and discontent aroused by social and economic conditions, to forestall them from realizing to what is really happening to them.(Chomsky 1998 pg48).The authors maintain that media shapes public opinion by controlling how ideas are presented the five filters curb the flow of the news as it passes through its gates and can easily limit what can be big news.Herman and Chomsky state that t hese five filter constraints are the essentials of propaganda model, the members of the power elite try to shape the beliefs and attitudes and opinions of the people through the media, bare and open discussions are part of the process scarcely leaders utilize deceit and violence to combat individuals and institutions as the public does not agree with the opinion of the power elite. The world politics has seen radical changes since the demise of communism in the former Soviet Union as mentioned in the Manufacturing Consent.The fifth filter is termed the dominant ideology through out this book, however, anti communism has been emphasized as the ideologic elements that are most important in terms of discipline and control mechanisms. The Manufacturing Consent, gives a vague description of the fifth filter its ideology helps to mobilize people against an enemy it can be used against any policies that threaten property interests or support the communist states and radicalism, the model presumes that media performance is understood as the outcome of market forces, the dominant media are deeply and firmly imbedded in the market system, the main information sources ,the media depends on are the government and major business firms.Herman and Chomsky view media as dominant ideological apparatus same as mentioned in the thesis by William Domhoff in his book ,The Powers That Be Processes of Ruling Class Domination in America. (Domhoff 1979,pg 169). Domhoff contends that the four basic processes through which the ruling class rules are (1)the special interest process(2)policy formation process(3)candidate selection and(4)the ideological process, the Herman and Chomskys theory is the mirror of Domhoffs theory of ideological apparatus for dominant elites.(Domhoff1979,179-183).The Canadian sociologist Wallace merciful writes about the ruling class of Canada, he states through observation that the ruling elite have remained undifferentiated over the past century. The insti tutional links within Canada are at elite level, ownership of crown is highly concentrated.(Canadian corporeal Elite1975). Another Canadian sociologist Patricia Marchak (1988pg122),stresses that the main question is under what conditions the state would be obliged to act only with reference to the interests of the capital. When such conditions are obtained universally, and when they do, the validity of Propaganda Model is likely to increase.(Patricia Marchak1988,pg34).Herman and Chomsky do not claim that media acts only to circulate propaganda. The Propaganda Model describes the forces that cause the mass media to play a propaganda role they also argue that media not only serve the political and economic interests of dominant elite but also of the state. The authors admit that the propaganda model does not explain everything in every context it deals with the patterns of media behavior and performance. The elite media decides what topics, issues, and events that are to be consider ed news worthy by the lower-tier media and establish the general discourse, they determine, they select, they shape, they control, they restrict in order to serve the dominant elite groups in the society.This system is at odds with reality as the powerful are able to decide what the general public is allowed to see, hear, think and create public opinion by regular control. Individual powerlessness grows in the face of globalizing market support organizations as the labor unions are weakened .In the final pages of Manufacturing Consent Herman and Chomsky acknowledge that the system is not all powerful, the domination of media by government and the elite have not overcome Vietnam syndrome and public hostility to direct US involvement in destabilization and over throw of foreign governments. Herman and Chomsky took the phrase manufacturing swallow from the influential American journalist Walter Lippman who advocated react engineering.He said common good should be managed by small spe cialized class. The creation of fancy is not a new art, it was supposed to have died out with the birth of democracy but it is very much alive, it is now based on analysis rather than on rule of thumb. The engineering of consent is the essence of democratic process, (Bernays 1947, cited in Wintonick and Achbar, 1994 pg41). the freedom of speech, press, petition, and assembly the freedoms to make the engineering of consent possible are the most cherished guarantees of the Constitution of the United States.(Lippman, cited inRai,1995pg23). John Jay was the first chief justice of the Supreme chat up he said those who own the country ought to govern it in other words it is necessary to hold in that those who own the country are happy or else all will suffer, for they control investment and determine what is produced and distributed and what benefits will trickle down to those who rent themselves to the owners when they can.The propaganda model contends that media content is organized to manufacture consent and to prevent opposition media content serves political ends the media makes choices that establish and define worthy and unworthy causes. The news coverage prone to government(state)policy in general(foreign and domestic) by the elite to generate audience interest and sympathy in some stories go directing attention away from other stories Media take close interest in the Third initiation and their interconnections with the government.(Herman and Chomsky,1988pg13-14).The authors write that media treats victims of oppression and state act of act of terrorism differently, depending on the perpetrators. The unworthy victims (victims of oppression and /or state terrorism perpetrated by us (Canada, the US and the other capitalist democracies), and worthy victims (victims of oppression and/or state terrorism perpetrated by official enemy states).Different treatment is observed in sourcing and evaluating stories, full swing investigation in search of villain a nd of high officials, to humane treatment more prominent coverage.In case of unworthy victims of enemy crimes, allegations are simply invented they have to rely on official US. sources unless they prove it wrong in which case they are avoided(Cambodia under Pol Pot is a case in point).It predicts that the victims of state terrorism/violence that is perpetuated by the democracies or client states will be given treatment that can be seen to serve political ends (Chomsky, 1988 pg34). The writers as moral agents are trying to bring the truth about matters of human significance to an audience that can do something about them.My personal view is that citizens of democratic societies should take a definite course of self- defense to protect their rights with the help of radio and television, advertising and public relations to rubber eraser guard their rights from being manipulated. The Independent mind must be allowed to develop and grow in a free society it is a difficult task as in tod ays free society, consent is manipulation of public opinion. I do agree with the writers, in my view the young minds should break themselves from the official manipulative system. Thus the writers are invested with a moral responsibility to tell the truth, it is a very difficult task to perform today even in our free society.Works CitedClement, W. (1975) Canadian Corporate Elite Analysis of Economic Power. TorontoMcClelland and Stewart.Domhoff, William G. (1979) The Powers That Be Processes of Ruling ClassDomination in America. New York vintage Books.European Journal of Communication (2002) SAGE Publications(London, Thousand Oaks, CA and New Delhi), Vol 17(2) 147182.02673231(200206)172 147182 023691Martin, Michele with Graham Knight (1997) Communication and Mass MediaCulture, Domination and Opposition. Toronto Prentice-Hall.Wintonick, Peter and Mark Achbar (1994) Manufacturing Consent Noam Chomskyand the Media. Montreal Black Rose.