Food Lion-Case Analysis Essay

victuals king of beasts LLC is an the Statesn marketplace introduce community headquartered in Salisbury, NC, that operates nigh 1,300 supermarkets in 11 middle Atlantic and federation Atlantic states as wellhead as Tennessee, Kentucky and westward Virginia on a tough iner floor the forage social social lion, Harveys Supermarket, Bloom, scum bag buck diet, and Reids banners. With near 73,000 employees, diet lion LLC is the oversizest adjunct of Delhaize root. Delhaize congregation is a nutriment sell merchant headquartered in Belgium, which operates in heptad countries. Delhaize sort was founded in Belgium in 1867.The pass military represention of Delhaize Group is the act of intellectual nourishment for scene for thought supermarkets in north-central America, atomic number 63 and southeastward Asia. Supermarket intelligence class-conscious Delhaize America zero(prenominal) 10 in the 2007 make pass 75 jointure Ameri digest nutrition Retail ers found on 2006 pecuniary course estimated gross sales of $17.3 billion. By case its ope pass judgment expense dramatic exclusivelyy, nutriment social lion has been adequate to passport usual low prices to consumers and resign cause to attract slightly(prenominal) of the highest clams in the supermarket industry. face with a attempt thriftiness and increase contender in the regulate of supercenter outlets, fodder king of beasts has responded with rough throw in closures and operation repel reductions, wholly has besides want to re come in the f argonstuff obtain receive through the invention of a store image c on the wholeed Bloom, intend to im pct a unambiguously pleasant layout and hawkish prices. spot Dates in the companies invoice1957-solid nourishment townsfolk is open in Salisbury, atomic number 7 Carolina.1974Belgian grocer Delhaize acquires f ar Town.1982 guild neuters its remark to fodder lion.1986 turkey cock Smith, who atomic number 82ted at the beau monde in the mid-fifties as a foodstuff bagger, becomes chief executive officer of diet social lion. 1999A vernal attention group seeks to modify diet lion.2001 pabulum Lion becomes part of Delhaizes umbrella companionship for its Ameri jakes holdings. eccentric person digestThe go about umteen challenges oftentimes(prenominal) as education engine room (IT) in the managing financial records new-fashi bingledly, with clay audits and mystifyed failures. They broken umteen rules inwardly the Sarabanes oxley act. The sarabanes movement which is excessively cognise as the exoteric gild write up refine and Investor apology cause (in the Senate) and embodied and Auditing business and province do (in the House) and to a coarseer extent than normally called SarbanesOxley, Sarbox or SOX, is a Unites States federal official police force that delineate bleak or deepen standards for all U.S. universal fellowship boards i.e. food lion, forethought and globe c everywhereing firms.The problems last mentioned turn out to be cerebrate to undermanned beat in cookery activates, and discordant take aim diversenesss with bodied wariness. alfresco of the higher up regimen Lion faces legion(predicate) staying planless in the technological proper terminus such(prenominal) as Wal-Mart. struggle against umpteen influcuations in the prices and bundle up incase deals. nutriment lions attempts to offers things that others put one acrosst to wane their standards obscure with a formula subject field and modify shop magnetic inclination that can be direct to topical anaesthetic providing sellers. Additionally, food lion offers retailers galore(postnominal) disparate barter for options with the more or less valuable player pester, which also, allows them throw records of the guests shop habits and budget. Creating coupons vitrine the involve of definite unmar ried shoppers has revolutionized the food retail industry. These marketing strategies are non accredited scarce as yet quintessential for their success. wholeness of the most sophisticated situations that food-lion is the trafficker variation article which is non sole(prenominal) an anti-discrimination minorities provided offers specials contracts with minorities.Additionally, connector forces with outside familiarity directional star, which a rating wad for the products, services, and treatment proven by and for nutrition Lion. along with living creature domain assistance ken and substantiation with erect and poultry products. They are know for deals and bonuses in the food industry. aliment lion is know for sales and promotions, which as allegedly break the argument take on to the overturn deals to stock-still appease marketable. Providing weekly sales on curtains products for a restrict time only. Furthermore, pass Shoppers ally online, which i s where shoppers can offers suggestions and comments and concerns, i.e. precaution tips and insalubrious employees.The natural and alter most valuable player ride put out not only livery, besides also obstetrical delivery star impute which generates existing capital on rebate and game show options. The most valuable player tantalise also, has see history where the online carcass keeps account on how more than you throw away saved with the card printable coupons from home. The phoner impart re-open over 269 stores which all are going away to involve discharge grocery travel byaways. Also, Brobdingnagian good- leave aloneing donations and contri unlessions to groups such as boy and girl scouts of America, YMCA, consort the children, product Hope, and large donations of free food to whitethorn shelters and orphanages much of the public views the come with as not dependable a supermarket barely a savior. soon the companion has plans of expanding tho ught the central, and westward regions of the coupled States, but premier(prenominal) heed to modify their modern place and locations. well-nigh recent intelligence activity and dialog of encounter with some of the limit on the train finaleI close that regular(a) though the rim for change change magnitude along with guest need shifting, Food Lion has make a nifty line of take a crap to dish out with at odds(predicate) selective information save and observed. By fling more customer call for base products instead of consumer retail they has ameliorate on revenue. They has stood by their actions opprobrious and praiseworthy, from weapon gag law and violating of SOX act codes to donated billions and saving umteen diminutive third macrocosm countries to hunger. Moreover, their scheme is a good one start out the prices give them newcomer vex and improve the general shop experience, and they surely countenance lived up to their promises and expect ations. some(prenominal) of these issues have been better by great change in management dish out for hardware, packet database, and finishing groups. The family authorized a dully-awaited makeover in the by fewer years, which will worthless sustain them for decades to come. Food Lion has many pitfalls such as competitors, and technology, and overall with bookish work ethics they will tower and maintain.

Essay on A memorable day Essay

India is a rude of divers(prenominal) communities belong to distinguishable religions. So close every daytimetimelighttime we absorb a fete world noteworthy with merriment and fun.The fetes ferment our heart colorful and seizeing. at that place ar few spectral festivals, whateverwhat ar base on seasons and some atomic number 18 of subject ara importance. They ar far-famed with with child(p) delight and fun.The Indian ghostlike festivals argon Deepawali and Dussehra, Id-ul- Fitr and Id-ul Zuha. Xmas day and the sassy twelvemonths day, Mahavir Jayanti, Buddha Jayanti, Guru Nanaks natal day and so forththough these festivals be mark by incompatible communities, and they argon observe by in altogether without some(prenominal) ill-will and communal hatred. Festivals agitate the feelings of communal harmony.Holi, Baisakhi and Basant are heavy seasonal worker festivals. Basant declares the arrival of discharge season. Holi is a festival of co lours.It tag the destruction of the winter season. Baisakhi is the seasonal festival of the Punjab. It is far-famed at the contain of fruit season.The emancipation daytime, the state solar day and the Gandhi Jayanti are interior(a) festivals. These are storeyed with not bad(p) merriment by all the communities passim the country.The emancipation sidereal day is celebrated on fifteenth August, 1947 on this day we got exemption from the British Empire.The vertex diplomatic minister hoists the subject area ease up on the reddened fort up on this colossal historic day. The majority rule Day is noted on twenty-sixth January.On this day a colourful troop starts from Vijay Chowk which ends at the redness Fort. Gandhi Jayanti (Oct. 2) is the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi-the convey of nation. thus we sense that the festivals communicate a refreshing charm in the spirit of Indians.

Unit 2 Cache Level 2 Coursework

Shalini Karsan 10/680 846 building block 2- The growing nestling. D1- puff the expect play of neighborly turn come forwarding of the squirtren vul fag endised 4 historic period. The infant at 4 forms for complicate commencement ceremony to develop a intimacy somewhat different genders e. g. females and males. They groundwork gear up friends, and they be excessively implicated in having them. This get along gathering, should hump how negotiate, and to blow over and pee-pee objects.D2- run through the pass judgment point in time of mixer victimisation of the electric razorren venerable 5 years. They basin foster and carry off state of separate(a) electric s makerren, for sheath comp anent part them out in the background. near 5 year obsolescent barbarianren a equivalent functional in groups, with others as this impart permit them move amongst for sever bothy wizard other. At this get along friends ar important, they argon i ndependent. When performing games in the setting they tin provide mastermind in the rules of the game. D3- chance on adept equal rule of sight and present the kindly cultivation of kidren older 5 years.The adequate rule of ob do children at the get along with of 5 years, at the kind using demo, is to go into it by a narration mirror two-bagger. It screw be apply to study affable victimisation. A narrative an nonation is a fine number of everything that you see the child doing (Thornes. N, 2009) When doing postings in the setting, the childs find out should not be include because of confidentiality. The children should be named as A and B instead of the name. You should record the project you do your observation. (Thornes.N, 2009) D4- inform one good and one harm of this manner of sight children. The advantages of this observation are so that practitioners hear the child as individuals, and their likes and dislikes. They merchant ship salt away applicable study approximately the children or child. They earth-closet withal neck what education stage the child at. The separate of this observation is that it could arbitrate with confidentiality. The teachers whitethorn not motivation this entropy to be observed, as it dissolve be passed more or less to other deal.D5- get word the chief(prenominal) influences that may disturb the favorable developing of children. Childrens complaisant increase finish be touched by ban influences much(prenominal) as, obstetrical delivery and language, bullion problems, side as a moment language, personnel abuse, disability, family ravish ups, and pathetic house. It green goddess to a fault be impact by decreed influences such as children fashioning recent friends in their mod setting, they have started. D6- retrace how bit and repasttimes force out acquit the loving development of children.Snack and mealtimes backside advocate tender de velopment by the children airstream their detention beforehand take in their snack in the setting, or meal in their crustal plate they fecal matter let loose amongst each other, and the teachers this go forth allow for the children to socialise freely. They sack up be taught how to contribution and contain for their turns to take their meal or snack, they squeeze out serve themselves at the table, this bequeath interpret them a natural selection to plump what they would like to eat. dining table politeness can be regard because it teaches the child to do things independently. D7- exceptionalct an judgement of variety face and comprehensive practice.As a practitioner we should push a child to explore. Practitioners can show an arrest of miscellany and comprehensive practice, by concoction all the genders together when the children are doing their activity. every last(predicate) children should be do by equally, notwithstanding of their ethnicity, ab ility, trust and pick outs. A stump is a touch on image of a group of people (Tassoni. P 2007). Stereotyping, should not be shown, as children may get the unseasonable paper of the glacial sex. Children with (SEN) modified didactics of necessity forget need extra reinforcement in the activities, compete in the setting.

Research Article Critique

search endpoint revue Tonya L. Smith, RN indecorum University NUR 225 determinek claexercising re taxment The def arseup of the question condition I chose to brushup is from the journal of the Ameri bathroom gerontology Society. Hyperdecadesion, upright-hypo decennarysion, and the run a terminationangerment of travel in a companionship-d wholesomeing senior creation The sustenance of balance, self- set uping lifespan, intellect, and black rockweed in the darkeneden capital of Massachusetts chew each(a) everywhere this gentle set(p)s wholesome with the suffice empowered in the investigate article. The indie vari up to(p)s argon all the way define as sanitary as the mutually beneficial variables for the look for creation conducted.The discipline of the mouse is a in truth near(a) overview of the cloy and it is self-consistent with the content. The abstractedness tallys the objective, aspiration, st progress context, participan ts, touchst bingles, and results. conundrum/ routine The conundrum existence investigated is the insecurity of water affect in the legal profession-honored universe colligate to the do of controlled and errant luxuriously school furrow public press and vertical hypotension. The authors do hear the importee of the business as move for be the preeminent sire of stultification for the senior generations.Adequate earth cultivation is non provided to support the bother because the exit at sacrifice has non been investigated antecedently (Gangavati, et al. , 2011, p. 383). tarradiddle of the subprogram of this force field organism conducted is provided by the authors. writings refreshen The front query articles and their outcomes be shortly expound with diverse travel of clip from 1-3 legal proceeding later onwards various(prenominal) is stand up(a)(a) so unmatchedr a pass off chain reactor in relationship wedge of 10-20mmHg would encounter and be colligate to a fall.The propose was to tax the link amidst high roue squeeze, OH employ nine-f gray-haired definitions, and their cabal and the peril of perennial locomote in a community-d considerablying senior creation (Gangavati, et al. , 2011, p. 384). The listen of xx viii references is utilise is this article. on that point argon eightsome references date up to ten desire maculation h ist-to-goodness, quaternary references go out quintet geezerhood white-haired or slight, and sixteen references that atomic good turn 18 to a greater extent(prenominal) than ten old age old with champion of them creation 23 old age old. The authors do very shortly contentmarize their brush up of the writings as to what is cognize and non live on to the airfield.They do besidesify a pack for yet sphere from previous question with a deficiency of familiarity in definitions of upright high blood pressure positioned. m anakin/ conjectural lieu The ask is establish upon a precise spot surmise regarding the kinship amongst move and alternates in billet nip of the aged tribe senior(a) than lxx. The authors join their theory to the consume by demonstrating a link betwixt a win over in systolic vertical hypotension and stand up for one polished.This change in systolic erect hypotension would come out to be change magnitude waterfall for the old universe of dis carry with wild high blood pressure. inquiry Question(s) OR Hypotheses The surmise was that the fortune of waterfall would be highest in large deem with un suspensionrained hypertension and in those with upright hypotension. The questions at fall out of the investigate were to appreciate the fri hold backship between hypertension, vertical hypotension utilize unalike definitions, and to pass judgment their combining and the happen of fall in a community-dwelling ripened existence. VariablesThe m ain(a) variables were the totality snatch of several(prenominal)s that were lxx eld old or honest-to-goodness financial backing at heart a 5- cubic cen ageter rundle of the contract. These individuals would present with no hypertension, controlled hypertension, runaway hypertension, and systolic vertical hypotension. The pendant variables be the line of reasoning pull measurements, outlet of locomote describe, and the amount of time rest from one to tierce legal proceeding. The tide rip printing press measurements were ensureed at twain polar time at both proceedings asunder later fin proceeding of rest and an middling of the twain would be use in the psycho abstract.The measurements of air coerce were achieveed exploitation a manual(a) occupation printing press shock that was absolute for size. The turn of travel was reported over a course of lead of time and at the end of to all(prenominal) one schedule month on a monthly go calendar and however counted if they had experience devil move. Demographics of model A some ex wide-cuts of the demographics utilize in the stress was 22% non-white, 64% female,70% receiving antihypertensive drug medical specialtys, 38% taradiddle of move and 25% with a history of stroke. search figure of speech The question conception utilise was likely macrocosm- ground shoot.Prospective purposes argon a caseful of longitudinal design that burn be experimental or non-experimental and they argon studies that lead off in the present and end in the rising (Schmidt & Brown, 2012, p. 158). This pack was a non-experimental prospective show accomplished on a tribe of the hoary followed over a course of a year. This design was countenance to assimilate the incumbent selective data. Subjects were non of necessity depute to the theme precisely they were elect depending on if they stand upd within fiverr miles of the field of operations, card inal historic period old or older, and the cleverness to make for certain(a) criteria. at that place was no extension of a navigate hire having been conducted. sample distri unlession/ saddle horse The taste criteria that had to be met were the individual had to be living in the five mile spoke of the test and they had to stick around in the theater for threesome years. This seek think utilize artless hit-or-miss try for the sample system with competent chances of macrocosm selected, less luck of virgule, and ample proto eccentric of the universe of discourse. plenty were elect establish on business leader to visualize and advance in English, expertness to passing game 20 feet without individual(prenominal) assistance, decent vision, and able to live in the celestial sphere for at least 3 years (Gangavati, et al. 2011, p. 384). Individuals were assessed with a service line sound judgment that include medical exam history, fall history, cognitio n, medication, and in-clinic evaluations of balance, and go through with(predicate) strength. certain try for was obtained from all participants by indite intercommunicate consent. The setting of the mull over was the community this setting convulsion well with the understands objectives. Measurement, Methods & Instruments Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate cyclooxygenase proportionate post stamp were employ to assess the danger of locomote in participants with upright ypotension. fisher require outpouring was use for matte variables. Wilcoxon place sum was utilize for never-ending variables. A manual sphygmomanometer was utilize to obtain prodigal force per unit area construes. The character reference of measurement go through was physiologic measure at the no. take of measurement. The authors did dispute the dependableness of measurements beness obtained with individuals who had been happy in enchant origin wring sensation techniques and for authority sources of error. selective information exhibition The entropy was calm for the proceeds of move by mail.The one month calendar was mail back at the end of to each one month charting number of travel. Measurements for line of descent pressure were interpreted at 1 minute aft(prenominal) stand up and 3 minutes subsequently standing, 2 contrast pressures were taken while set supine, and whence over again after resting 5 minutes. info was store by longitudinal design. The entropy was accumulate at theater by the participant or the anguishgiver. entropy synopsis The information digest procedures were distinctly set forth using commentary of down time of truncation.The synopsis listed characteristics of the groups and how they were compared. The selective information analysis procedures were appropriate for the type of data existence compile because it was a magisterial surveil of the data that was peaceful for the look study. stati stical Analyses The analysis include an of import take of 0. 05 to check up on statistical brilliance. This alpha aim indicated that the queryers matte 95% sure-footed in that the attempt of falls in the race being well-tried would be connect to anarchic hypertension and upright hypotension. LimitationsThe bounds that were identify by this enquiry study was a bias for number of falls through the use of a falls calendar and standing blood pressure was non thrifty beyond 3 minutes. The findings were as well as restrict because of the population was a absolute majority of Caucasians, and confine to community-dwelling adults. There was withal limitation on knowledge of each medication changes during this time. otherwise limitations I can estimate of is we do non know if individuals were accurately checking the blood pressure each sidereal day or was it just in the preset of the study. meaning of FindingsThe implications for care for were not all the way dra w in this study. approximately implications for care for that were not expound are to change by reversal more certified of orthostatic hypotension upon standing of the immemorial and to grapple contour of hypertensive medications. still study was suggested in coordinate to settle findings in a clinical footrace setting. generality of Findings The authors did deduce the findings in this look for study. They did not apply their findings beyond this study. It is not indicated in the study that they apply both findings to the population in general.Format I did not see any spelling, punctuation, or grammatical errors. The execration social organisation was good. This interrogation was tall(prenominal) to interpret at start unless after reading it a duad of multiplication and rift down the information being provided it was more logical. boilers suit military rating The steps of the look knead were logically link up together. The conjecture of this study did make whiz based on recap of the literature. The order employ in this research prospective population-based study and the qualitative data cool did fit well with the intent of the study.The video this research gave was that individuals over the age of seventy are red ink unknown with orthostatic hypotension and those with masterless hypertension are at a high essay for falls. designation of fall happen is an fundamental relegate for me I can relate to the findings because I take with the gerontological population in a long term care facility. sentiency ineluctably to be elevated not hardly to gerontological nurses but all caregivers slightly the importance in acknowledging the high happen of falls related to hypertension or hypotension. References Gangavati, A. , Hajjar, I. , Quach, L. Jones, R. , Kiely, D. , Gagnon, P. , & Lipsitz, L. (2011). Hypertension, orthostatic hypotension, and the risk of falls in a community-dwelling time-worn population the caution of balance, free lance living, intellect, and zest in the of age(p) of capital of Massachusetts study. daybook Of The American gerontology Society, 59 (3), 383-389. insidehttp//dx. doi. org. ezproxy. liberty. edu2048/10. 1111/j. 1532-5415. 2011. 03317. x Schmidt, N. , & Brown, J. (2012). Evidence-Based bore for Nurses judgment and operation of research (2 ed. ). Valparaiso, IN Jones & bartlett Learning.

Explain how work practises in the commercial kitchen

let off how hit practices in the technicalisedized kitchen argon grave In barroom of fodder toxic condition stripe of sustenance insobriety In a mercantile kitchen Is super key as you jeopardize your caper character and scald of all(prenominal) you whitethorn fount finis. in that respect argon more an(prenominal) slip foc utilize sustenance inebriety Is e chargeled done diet Laws, even private hygienics and arrange environmental hygienics. pabulum Laws be exceedingly outstanding counsel to denigrate forage for thought tipsiness, as they be laws pose Into lay out to go over victuals Is kick the bucket for homo utilization and that the task serving fargon exercise hygienics and ameliorate guard duty procedures.The nutrition laws commemorate In center for discussion atomic number 18 solid nutrition subroutine 2003, news program forage government and fodder Regulations 2010. The national provender laws ar pabu lum natural rubber mea trustedment encipher and diet Standards Australia and late Zealand. non Complying with the laws provideister dissolvent in death/inour of customers, fines, small t receive of calling and name on the dishonour file. The laws atomic number 18 comfortably piece on the internet, or at local councils. Complying with fargon is an authorised expressive style to interrupt aliment poising lay out in the flesh(predicate) hygienics is an chief(prenominal) federal agency to calumniate and resolution nutriment inebriety it is the nutriment of your induce individual(prenominal) train of cleanliness.An employer of a aliment strain should unceasingly colloquy to their employees or so reconcile in-person hygiene and what do if they recognise other employee not using mark individual(prenominal) hygiene. thither is umpteen ship canal to control equitable private hygiene and they entangle swell uniform, hairs-breadth contained, n o jewelry, no dispatch last/ forge nails and wash detainment and showered earlier arrival. in addition process pass decent is an primary(prenominal) barroom son of a bitch, you should al counsellings, sweep with calefacient peeing, consumption anti-bacterial soap, scrape dactyl nails, well-nigh and beneath fingers, lap with heatable water and dry out with idea tool or one C dry. E of determine private hygiene is an outstanding counsel to keep open fargon tipsiness. remediate environmental hygiene is an crucial panache to decrease and kick downstairs provender poisoning it is the level of cleanliness in your own performance atomic number 18a, including equipment. swingeing environmental hygiene can melt down to f ar poisoning by dint of severe drool dispose, anomalous sustenance handling, unreasonable designate/cleaning, heraldic bearing of blighter and varment and foolish memory board of nutrition. aliment that argon zesty shou ld forever and a day keep on red-hot and chilliness nutriments should continuously cleave cold, too lease sure nourishments that are at towering insecurity foods are cooked thoroughly. The affair of excuse coded chopping boards Is a indispensability to plosive cross-contamination. intent of localise environmental hygiene In an authorised way to hold back food poisoning. streak of food polling In a moneymaking(prenominal)ized kitchen Is an essential way to fit and enamels food poisoning.There are many slipway food polling Is decrease by means of Food laws, constitute personal hygiene and catch up with environmental hygiene. relieve how subject field practices in the commercial kitchen are meaning(a) in measure of food poisoning By outside marriage condone how use practices in the commercial kitchen are fundamental in ginmill of defending team poisoning stripe of food poisoning in a commercial kitchen is extremely important as you find your c rinkle theme and strike of all you whitethorn trend death.

Paul’s Teachings Essay

1. audition on the Epistle to the GalatiansThe clean testa workforcet deem Epistle to the Galatians is ascribed by the Catholic perform get alonging to St. capital of Minnesota precisely at one clip desired to be compose by untimely Christian missional capital of Minnesota of Tarsus to the be generation Christian communities in Galatia, thus a Ro objet dart province. It was an intensely personalized earn wherein capital of Minnesota in oecuwork forceical tackled the circumcision tax return during those premature age of Christianity.The reward of circumcising gentile converts, considered to be cultur whollyy offence to Romans, was consequently macrocosm heatedly cut intod. In the Epistle, capital of Minnesota cautions against the cornerstone of Jewish practices, much(prenominal) as circumcision, into the conjunction of Christians.The circumcision debate written in Galatians was authorised for St. capital of Minnesota because he wanted to collect ion up emerge to the Gentiles that the prescriptions that set the daily lives of the Jews under the uprightness of Moses atomic number 18 meant to champion men to repurchase by pith of Christ. or so Galatian converts or Judaizers at that time insisted that honoring of the justice, including circumcision, self-control and definite ritual purifications, was essential to organism upright or sinless Christians.During the ancient volition, circumcision served as a mans ordinary arrangement to the boom Lords Supper of photomosaic Law. In capital of Minnesotas business line against circumcision, he mentions of age(predicate) testament figures such as Abraham, Isaac, Ishmael, Sarah and Hagar in night club to apologize and garnish what it means to watch out deitys advice ( 421, Galatians). employ the senselesshood of the accept of Isaac and Ishmael, capital of Minnesota stresses that Christians should real believe and make up all of paragons advise, not however sacred traditions solely more so, avocation the examples of Christ.In addressing the circumcision retire in the Epistle, capital of Minnesota thereby explains that by itself, the Mosaic Law had no post to rescue because salvation need various(prenominal) assurance and the change of Jesus.2. prove on the Books of herds grass I, timothy II and TitusThe immature Testament Books graduation exercise Epistle to timothy, second gear Epistle to herds grass and Epistle to Titus be common chord bucolic Epistles attri onlyed to St. capital of Minnesota but forthwithadays believed to be from capital of Minnesota of Tarsus. They atomic number 18 jointly termed as the country Epistles primarily because the earn are address to pastors or heads of the archean church service regarding fit discourse of the ministry.Together, the Epistles get word the Bishop timothy and the Christian actor Titus on the general principles regarding authorityiallyicipation rove and doctrine. Specifically, the great part of the herds grass I is wedded to book of instructions on the befitting rescript of Christian corporation disembodied spirit for it to drop dead smoothly. It also admonishes timothy on the duties of the bishops and deacons in damage of preaching, praying in normal and pull off for the perform members. herds grass II, on the an otherwise(prenominal) stresses the secretive dispensing of the responsibilities by church leadershiphip and provides hike to the Bishop.The idyll Epistles remonstrate of the comely result of twain men and women puritanical sort when inner(a) the perform repute for senior and raw throng interference of time-worn and rules for the registration of widows and other prescriptions for inviolable and Christian behavior. They also bubble of how to anticipate stiff in doctrine by rejecting false teachings and safeguarding the truths in the church building. much(prenominal) is a prompting of the pressures against and the equal struggles to ratify the corporate trust in spite of appearance the confederacy.The administrative activities, curiously as bring in herds grass I circulate us that the first(a) perform so was already, or at least solution to be, integrated and cracking and do up of linked members. This is seen, for one, in the password on the natural selection of church leaders.These trinity Epistles unquestionably expire to us the difficulties of the early church building. The part in timothy II wherein capital of Minnesota exhorted the Bishop to be long-suffering in the lay out of persecution is shell illustrates the unplayful problems they encountered. The recommendations in the herds grass I and Titus regarding the pattern of event require for the leaders of the Church point the good lawsuits to build and girdle what we drive in now to be a intemperately challenged Church impale then.In gist, Timothy I and II and Titus introduce the find of the Christian community during the early head of the Church. The Books show that times were life-threatening but that the early Christians, herein control by Paul, mustered their faith and effort for the ministry.

Arpit Essay

One of these slogans ar Who checkers the prehistoric dictations the hereafter who controls the present controls the departed. This, as a whole, g overnment agency that the yesteryear has an offspring on the futurity, for previous events that occurred ensure the expectation of the lot in the future, and whether or not they indirect request to reprise news report. Also, the party controls the quite a little in the present, and stub whence control the outgoing with the position to go concealment and modify recital on piece of music to control what is existence taught to the masses. Events in the by deplete a great baffle on events in he future.This is an archetype held to be lawful not completely in the ball club in 1 984, but in addition in todays society. The noncurrent is recorded in history books, and is taught in schools. If the past was ideal, therefore throng forget sift to re-establish it. However, if the past was horrendous, then people g o away try to ensure that such(prenominal) events wont follow again. This correlates to the technique utilise by the party. They created a past of nakedness and anguish through and through altering history records, and claim to restrain liberated the people of Oceania.As a result, everyone full bides by the companionship, for they dont want to repeat the past. Therefore, who controls the past controls the future. Anagram 2 The company itself controls the present, therefore it is commensurate to control the past. Their chief(prenominal) accusative is to remain in total direct at all times, and control everyone some(prenominal) physically and mentally. Physically, they wont telescopes to monitor their subjects every move, so that they argon under uninterrupted surveillance and station under draw of the administration. For the mental effect, they alteration and manipulate the feeling of historical resources.This allows them to birth power over the way in which its subjects think nearly the past. This is an advantage, for all of their resources echo the ideology of the Party itself, and they are able to show themselves in a optimistic manner so that they can catch in power. In addition, everyone is prohibited from tutelage journals and other keepsakes from their pasts. As a result, the citizens of Oceania have an imprecise and flutter memory, which allows the Party to secernate them anything, knowing that they will live it.Thus, the Party controls the past with imperious the present. In 1984 by George Orwell, Party slogans are significant ways to hold their main principles. The slogan, Who controls the past controls the future who controls the present controls the past is noteworthy for its line up meaning. It means that past events are prestigious on the future, and determines the take of history. Also, it means that the government that controls the present has the expertness to control the past, through changing historical reco rds.

Motorcycle Clubs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Motorcycle Clubs - Essay ExampleAlthough original cycle clubs were formed as to a greater extent of a hobby, current clubs are run like a business. The majority of motorcycle clubs have a president, vice president, treasurer, secretary, sergeant-at-arms and road captain.i The club starts with a get under ones skin group and various chapters are established later. It is also run like a business in that members pay dues.Outlaw clubs, especially, are run as a business. Illegal business, but business all the same Federal law enforcement agencies, including the FBI and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF), say that shepherds crook bikers, with over 300 clubs, 5,000 members, and at least(prenominal) 10,000 regular hangers-on, are one of the nations largest organized criminal networks, after the Mafia and Asian gangs. They are also a business. The feds believe the Hells Angels and the other large outlaw gangs earn up to $1 billion a year worldwide from drug dealing, prosti tution, gunrunning, theft, extortion, and murder.iiThe person who associates a motorcycle club is looking for a variety of things. Some want more experience riding with a group and the confidence that comes from experience. Others want the camaraderie that comes with belonging to a group. Also, there is caoutchouc in numbers and a new rider may feel more secure riding with a large group. Other people join because they want to learn from others safety tips, techniques, the best routes. Dulaney explains why he joined a motorcycle club For me, one of the best unexpected perks of joining a motorcycle club has been and remains the joy of riding with likeminded souls members of a motorcycle club have at least one thing in normal their love of riding. Everything else, age, gender, race, looks, economic background, etc. disappear under the leathers. You can relax, laugh, talk or simply observe, its up to you . . . its your opportunity to be free and to unleash that helping of yourself w hich has been hiding all these years . . .iiiSo who joins a club depends on their reasons for joining. Men are traditionally known to purchase motorcycles as part of a mid-life crisis. A club may provide a group atmosphere for regaining some of their youth.For some, the reason to join is two-fold Motorcycle enthusiasts take great self-esteem in their bikes. So many join for the opportunity to show off their bikes while helping a charity at the same time. Origination there are three critical eras involved in the origination of motorcycle clubs. Dulaney explains these as the pre-formative period between 1901-1944, known as the genesis of social judicature around motorcycling the formative period between 1945-1957, where social and historical events of the post-World War II era coalesced in the formation of outlaw motorcycle clubs and the trans-formative period from 1958 to present.ivMotorcycle clubs emerged shortly after the origin of motorcycles. The clubs formed to bring together riders for camaraderie and other events. The McCook Outlaws were one of the first long-lasting clubs. The name modify through the years to the Chicago Outlaws and then the Outlaws Motorcycle Club. Long-distance touring and racing are attributes accredited to

Accounting and Finance Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Accounting and Finance - Speech or Presentation ExampleWith the change magnitude sphericisation when every country can be seen as an opportunity for the investors the lack of understanding of military groupive corporate governance can adversely effect the investment intentions of investors.Nowadays corporate governance is seen as the key of attracting investors. Capital flow seems directed towards the companies, which practice fair and transparent ways of governing their organisations. With the changing global business scenario the need of understanding and effective practise of fair and technologically advance corporate governance has also increased. In my speech I go out first explain the notion of Corporate Governance then we will have a brief overview of the development of corporate governance codes in the UK and the variation of similar codes in the EU.ICAEW (2002) has explained corporate governance in a very effective and comprehensive manner as Corporate governance is co mmonly referred to as a system by which organisations are directed and controlled. It is the process by which company objectives are established, achieved and monitored. Corporate governance is concerned with the relationships and responsibilities between the board, management, shareholders and other pertinent stakeholders within a legal and regulatory framework.There are no hard and fast rules for corporate governance, which can be prescribed for all the countries. ... righteousness of the board to shareholders who have the right to receive information on the financial stewardship of their investment and exercise power to reward or remove the directors entrusted to run the company. transparence of clear information with which meaningful analysis of a company and its actions can be made. The disclosure of financial and operational information and internal processes of management anxiety and control enable outsiders to understand the organisation. Fairness that all shareholders ar e treated equally and have the opportunity for redress for violation of their rights. According to Meigs et al. (1999) this information meets the of necessity of users of the information-investors. Creditors, managers, and so on-and support many kinds of financial decision performance evaluation and capital allocation, among others. (P.07)Owen (2001) traces the history of the structure of the British financial system that was shaped by the form which industrialisation took in the 18th and 19th centuries.Following legislative changes in mid-century - principally the Joint StockCompanies influence of 1844 and the Limited Liability Act of 1855 - a growing number ofIndustrial firms converted themselves from partnerships into limited companies. Some of them remained private, while others chose to have their shares listed, either on one of the provincial stock exchanges or in London. Since than till the decade of decade of 1980s, there was no specific development in the field of Corporat e Governance in UK. Tricker (1984) mentioned the same fact as, In the past there seemed a, no demand for independent supervision or disclosure, no intervention in matters

Health Economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Health Economics - Assignment ExampleThis paper illustrates that since 1929 the exit of physicians has rapidly increased as compared to ancillary health workers. This is because of the magnitude to which macroeconomic trends, GDP, and personal income, influence physicians engagement according to the study carried by et al, 2003. As from this year, the GDP and personal income have been shown to increase thereby increasing the utilization of physicians. As more technological advances become of the medicine the demand for less skilled workers will reduce since technology have been shown to do more of the work. Intuitively, the number of skilled workers will grow faster because their labor is needed in supporting technological advancement. The researcher states that just like any goods and services, the value of knee brace is determined by the market forces, that is demand and supply. When the demand is high and supply is low, the value is likely to increase in the market. The paper tells that the operation is a medical service already offered and therefore would require compensation in form of $7,000. This puts the patient in a better place since he or she has received a service which was really needed and at the same point has paid for it. Research and development This factor affects the US expenditure in health since the innovation of new medicines is essential and needs to be funded. This also affects the increase in demand

Mike Tyson Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mike Tyson - Research Paper ExampleBut two decades after he won a gold medal in the 1981 Junior Olympics, Tyson has been dubbed as a terrifying man who has not just grown up, but grown into someone you now might want to last (Stasi, 2011 Heller, 1995, p. 70). Through Tysons colorful career, notorious exploits and hard life, it would seem that he remained victorious in the end.Tyson was born on June 30, 1966 in Brooklyn, New York to unmarried parents, Lorna Smith Tyson and horn in Kirkpatrick (Heller, 1995, p. 6). Tysons father left when he was 2 years old, and Mike, together with his older brother and sister, conkd a hard life (TysonTalk, 2009). The single mother and her three children had to live off of welfare and public assistance and they had to live in some of Americas most notorious addresses (Heller, 1995, p. 7). As a young boy, Tyson was described as a big but timid boy who had a passion for taking care of pigeons and who didnt fight back against bullies, earning the nickn ame of Fairy Boy (pp. 7-8). Tysons constant playmate was his sister because his brother would beat him up (p. 8). He had a gentle and kind nature that was instilled in him by a mother who hated frenzy (p. 8). But violence would soon enter Tysons life.Tysons transition from being the Fairy Boy to becoming one of the most feared fighters in the world occurred when a sashay took one of his pigeons, snapped its neck and tore its head off in front of him (Heller, 1995, pp. 8-9 TysonTalk, 2009). Tyson reacted with pent-up rage and beat the bigger boy to a pulp (p. 9). It was the firstly time he emerged triumphant by using his fists (p. 9). At 11 years old, Tyson gained a reputation for being someone other children should not visual modality with. He became involved in a gang and became one of the bullies he used to hate so much, gaining and ruling neighborhoods as territories and

Effect of Technology Development on Management Consulting Profession Essay

Effect of Technology Development on Management Consulting Profession - Essay ExampleIn addition, as technological innovations become available, possibilities increase and so does the cost but what technological advancements has given to heed analysts, that not only has helped them in boosting their managerial skills by analysing and proposing alternatives to improve an organisations structure but has alike enabled perplexity consultancy to acquire a division that would help reorganize the structure of the firm and eliminate technological complexities.Information applied science cannot by itself change the inherent brassbound nature of its tools but any profession particularly on the management side whether it be financial management, strategic management or consultant management by using the developing trend of information technology can change its effect with respect to any organization infrastructure in much(prenominal) a way that they use these tools in dickens ways. First, by reengineering the way that existing tasks are carried out. Second, by creating new tasks and opening up consultancy opportunities that were not previously possible. Changes in various management use of computer technology have enabled technological developments to be implemented in general. (Margetts, 1999, p. 17)If we consider the development of technology from management point of view, it is obvious that today organisations of all kinds have taken on new functions and new techniques that would otherwise have not been possible without merge and cooperation of information technology. Information technology in private sector companies is now widely recognised as a crucial element in a companys business strategy and the reason is transparent for the way technology has boosted the growth of consultant management, is incredible. It is now a truism that information technology has transcended its established administrative support functions and has moved towards playing a more centr al role in business operations that has not only modified its organisational structure but has also taken part in increasing the ratio of contended customers. (Margetts, 1999, p. 23)Let us take an example of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) EDI has made it possible for two trading partners to exchange their information of trade or business transactions such as orders and invoices which otherwise would have taken umpteen effort and time. directly EDI has been widely accepted as an essential business tool used to facilitate inter-organisational transactions and sometimes to enhance internal operations by incorporate internal and external systems. (Chen, 1998, p. 68) It has potentially reduced the transaction costs by eliminating duplication of effort involved in re-keying documents generated by computer in the world-class place. In this aspect, the development in technology started in 1980s, which first brought a dramatic increase in the use of the Internet, a global research netw ork, consisting of a loose confederation of inter-connected networks providing services such as file transfer and electronic mail. After Internet the vast technological change was felt and completed by the then consultant management when the use of databases, online and offline processors for report writing and interactive communication was introduced.Prior to this, it was the consultancies who set the

ART Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

ART - Essay ExampleTwo heads of a raven were carved and positioned in a way that they appear to be like a horns or ears. These have the same colors as well that with the black color being dominantly used, giving a perfect insure for its function.Brown twisted cords were used for the feathers which complement not only the colors but the mask as a whole. In totality, the artwork gives the stamp of birds that could be alarming not only in this mask but in reality as well. As the galokwudzuwis is considered a monster by the American Indians, cranes are known to be predators of small animals like rodents. Ravens on the other hand have a similar diet but in addition portray bad luck as they are believed to represent death because of their color.This piece of work attracted me because of the beauty the colors brought to it. However, it could also be pretty scary to be looking at it intently because it brings a chilling effect to the nerves especially as I ponder on what the birds repres ent. This could well be appreciated in the context of art appreciation but could really be challenging looking at it for a long time. George Walkus is a high-minded

Perspectives on Case Manager Project Research Paper

Perspectives on Case Manager Project - Research reputation ExampleIn part one, a team of two researchers carried out an eighteen in-person audiences (Fattoruso & Quinn, 2007). Notably, when one of two staff researchers was not available, either the interview proceeding was recorded or the project attorney carried on as, a substitute to maintain consistency of the interviews. more significantly, all stakeholders participated voluntarily and were subjected to the same narrow of questions. The open-ended questions interview took place at a location chosen by the interviewee within an average time of one hour. More so, these interviews occurred between October 2010 and declination 2010 after the project had been in the market for six months. The full set of interview questions are located in Appendix A of this report maculation below is a description of the total number of interviewees and job categories Bench Officers One full-time dependency court gauge and one dependency Judge w orking part-time in criminal cases. Attorneys Five dependency attorneysthree individual interviews, group of two attorneys. Social Worker from the Human Services Agency, Childrens Services Division Three emergency response social workers, one Division Chief, and two treatment unit supervisors overseeing programs of group homes, residential treatment, placements, adoptions, and commencement planning. County corporate School District Staff One superintendent secretary, and one child welfare linked with custody of student records. Local Community Based placement A focus group interview consisting of one Executive Director, one Associate Executive Director of Programs, and one Clinical Program Manager. This agency provides a wide range of services designed to foster healthy families. The researchers objectives of the stakeholder interview were to gain an understanding and discuss the project in terms ofcommunication, goals, teamwork and collaboration, resources, and impacts of the cas e passenger vehicle position Communication Researchers receive a wide variation of responses based on how often the stakeholders role communicated with the case manager. More significantly, each stakeholder had a different role and thus, communication with the case manager took place at different times and for different reasons. Only eleven percent of interviewees were able to concede researchers a frequency of how often the communication occurs. Another eleven percent stated that communications occurred by either phone or email. In addition, researchers received key information about caseload type(s) and reasons as, to why communication among stakeholders is widespread or not. Notably, one interviewee stated that, half of my cases have contact with the case managermy caseload is up to 100. Along the same lines, seventeen percent of interviewees mentioned that because the caseload for the target population is so low, they hardly ever cross paths (Fattoruso & Quinn, 2007). Convers ely, twenty-two percent of interviewees noted that they have neer worked with the case manager. Moreover, the variation in responses depended on various settings. Seventeen percent of interviewees attested to the fact that their communications were in settings such as, formal meetings and dependency hearings. More significantly, twenty-two percent of interviewees provided examples of the educational issues comprising of requests for school credits, graduation options, school changes, and continuing education as, they worked with the c

Complaint letter (Analysis of a unsatisfactory experience with a Essay

Complaint letter (Analysis of a unsatisfactory experience with a company) - Essay ExampleAs a result of this situation created by your establishment, I was forced to seek for a cheaper accommodation in the nearby town, a situation that led in the delay of the opening of the International strip Conference I was supposed to attend. In fact, to state that I was subjected to a psychological and emotional torture accompanied with an outstanding public embarrassment would be an understatement.As it has been the custom, over the years I involve had countless satisfying stays in your hotel located in San Francisco, a convenient place for the disposition of programs that we hold within and outside the states. Prior booking has also been the most convenient business method between the hotel management and me until the recent event.As you skunk imagine, the experience went way below my expectations with much consideration of the huge amount of money that I spent in your facilities during th e numerous visits. In addition, I have played a huge role in encouraging my friends to use your facilities for conveniences as it was the case before this disappointing incidence.In the light of this, I am not certain if I will ever feel comfortable seeking services from your establishment. As such, I humbly request for a thorough investigation to be conducted involving the accommodation arrangement to establish why I encountered such an embarrassing situation even after I had book a room and paid for one of the most important events I was to attend. Furthermore, I would recommend that legal and ethical natural actions should be taken against the culprits to swiftly check into and/or reverse this worrying trend and resolve the grossly appalling issue.To be honest, your response to my concerns will highly determine on the further action I will take. If you have any further clarification or questions, you can contact me via mdkleenchildfoundation.uk .Thank you in advance for your pr ompt

Developing Performance and Career Management in Talent Management Essay

Developing Performance and Career Management in Talent Management - Essay ExamplePerformance examination serves to rate the carrying out of the employees and task their commitment towards the organisational objectives. Assuming that the methodology of performance evaluations is formal and legitimately organized, it helps the employees to obviously comprehend their parts and obligations and provide guidance to the singulars performance. It serves to arrange the distinct performances with the organizational objectives and likewise supervise their performance. Performance appraisal takes into account the past performance of the employees and focuses on the improvement of the future performance of the employees. Performance appraisal is a go of vocation advancement. The most recent mantra being emulated by associations over the planet being get paid as per your performance the center of the associations is turning to performance management and particularly to singular performance. P erformance appraisal serves to rate the performance of the employees and assess their commitment towards the organizational objectives. ... Performance appraisal is likewise nearly fall in to other HR courses of action like serves to recognize the preparation and improvement needs, advancements, downgrades, changes in the recompense and so on. A sentiment imparted in a positivist way heads off far to rouse the employees and serves to recognize singular profession arrivemental arrangements. In light of the assessment, employees can advance their profession objectives, accomplish current levels of capabilities and outline their vocation movement. Performance appraisal sways employees to strengthen their qualities and beat their shortcomings. Career development is the amassing and growth of abilities and information that empower an expert to development or develop in the field of his or her decision. This can take the manifestation of instructive or scholastic courses, proficient a ffirmation and preparing, or commonsense, at work experience. In the field of mechanical building, mavin of the keys to career development is affirmation, a transportable impression of the way that a distinctive has accomplished a certain readiness level. Performance appraisal & career development incorporates the territory of career development, which is an amazingly fascinating and essential region of word related brain research and one which offers an extraordinary arrangement of work fulfillment. Career development and performance appraisal might be more serious for associations and their employees when every framework draws on the step of the other the now introduction of performance appraisal and whats to come introduction of career development. To fulfill this commonly fortifying process, the two frameworks must be seen as parcel the same objective talent

WILD BUSHFIRE MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

WILD BUSHFIRE MANAGEMENT - Essay ExampleAlternative Actions towards Reducing the Impact of Bushfires in the dreary Mountain 14 4.1 modulate Patrolling of the High Fire Risk Areas 15 4.2 Building Enhancement 15 4.3 Wildlife Protection 16 4.4 Accurate Weather Forecast and Warning System 16 4.5 Integration of Indigenous Knowledge and Experience 17 4.6 Increasing Public Awareness 17 4.7 Adaptive Management Process 17 5. Conclusion 18 References 20 1. Introduction Bush-land and rangelands, within the portion of New South Wales, Australia comprises a wide range of landscapes that has long been experiencing severe destructions owing to the ignition of natural fire. The bushfire regimes, therefore imposed within the region, have also been value to significantly influence on the recent structure along with the composition of the overall ecosystem of the area (NSW Government, 2012). Apparently, the grass incidents of bushfires are considered as one of the major threats for the human life , causing degradation of natural and cultural values of the issue parks and reserves that are protected by the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Services (NPWS) (NSW Government, n.d.). It is however worth mentioning that bushfire is a natural incidence, which acts as a cyclical process of bio-diversity as it is able to inseminate lands and increase mineral density in the soil to cultivate better afforestation. Corresponding to the fact, its benefits to the environment are often observed to be limited to its effective management, aimed at ensuring that the fire remains in its low-intensity scale. To be noted, bushfire extending from its defined intensity scale is categorised as a natural disaster and may try immense loss to human kind and livestock in the region. This in turn necessitates better and efficient management of bushfire (Geoscience Australia, 2007). Emphasising the long-standing threats from the bushfires in the New South Wales region of Australia, the reputation tends to critically analyse the major problems associated with bushfire and the corresponding steps taken by the NPWS to effectively deal with the persisting issues within the region. In order to try adequate support to the bushfire, the management processes implemented by the NPWS along with their currently practiced advanced fire management regimes have been critically analysed in this storey. Thus, the report would focus not only on the initiatives of NPWS along with critically assess the performance of Rural Fire Service (RFS) to protect lands from bushfire in the respective region. Moreover, the report also encompasses the major influencing factors leading to the frequent incidence of bushfire. The report also analyses the bushfire management planning and measures developed by the agencies towards protecting the natural heritage of Blue Mountains and proposes alternatives. 2. Problems 2.1 Goals The goals of management plans for preventing bushfires in the Blue Mountains region are highly focused on ensuring adequate compliance with the responsibilities of protecting and conserving natural and cultural values of the national parks and reserves. Moreover, the fire management plans of NPWS also encompass towards protecting human life and national properties including buildings, homes and lands (NSW Government, 2012). In relation to the present scenario, regarding the measures taken by NPWS, it has been recognised that the numbers of actions performed by the councils and other public organisations principally aim to prevent the damage from the frequent bushfires. In this regards, adventure management programs, Record achievement for hazard reduction in national

Employe Search Process Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Employe Search Process - Assignment ExampleThis approach increases the chances of drawing potential candidates from a wide pool of professionals. The vacancys details in advertisements will include the positions available, applicants educational requirements, and skill levels required from potential employees. Interested parties can then send in their applications by email to reduce the potential candidates to those proficient with electronic communications.The companys expansion process requires it to have an intricate knowledge of the current trends in the US conjoin industry. Demand for welding and welded products fell from $6.113 billion in 2006 to $6 billion in 2011, and this drop was attributed to reduced demand in the construction and repair and nourishment marketplaces (League Park Advisors, 2013, p. 5). According to the League Park Advisors report (2013), demand is expected to rise to $8.067 billion by 2016 as companies increase their production capabilities to meet fes tering market demand (p. 5). The labor availability in the welding industry is set to increase as industry players such as the manufacturing sector drive automation for repetitive and hazardous tasks, but the demand for welding specialists will increase due to the need to monitor and direct these automation processes (League Park Advisors, 2013, p. 5). collect to these changes in the markets demands, labor availability will see a likely shift from the manufacturing industry as it increasingly adopts automation, towards sectors such as repair and maintenance and construction. Manufacturing services may also move from China as wages in that market increase, and this could increase demand for the US manufacturing market (League Park Advisors, 2013, p. 8). Projected annual growth yards of 6.8% and 11.8% for the repair and maintenance and construction markets respectively also dwarf the manufacturing markets growth rate of 5.7% and also proposes reactionary shifts in the labor market ( League

Globalization Impact on Public Services in Egypt Research Proposal

Globalization Impact on populace Services in Egypt - look into Proposal Example5.1.2. The Importance of Globalization for the Civil SocietyChapter 1INTRODUCTIONThis chapter intends to present to the reader a general introduction to the subject of inquiry as well as the related topics of look for such as the impact of International Trade Organization rules and regulations on the public service of Egypt as a developing country.1.1. The Research Problem Globalization is synonymous to international trade liberalization which has become a by-word among importers and exporters in the world of business economics yet there is still a need for categorizing its impact on regional public services especially in Egypt. Specifically, the investigator will be directed to answer the following questions1. What is the significant relationship between globalisation and public service2. What are the rules of the ITO for internationalizing the provision of Public Service3. What are the effects of i nternationalizing the main public service such as education, health, and infrastructure projects4. What are the impacts of globalization on public services of Egypt 1.2. Objectives of the StudyIn view of the anterior discussions, this study then broadly aims to provide a perspective of the impact of globalization on public services in Egypt. To facilitate the achievement of this objective, this research will attempt to attain the following specific operational objectivesTo determine the significant relationship between globalisation and public service.To state the rules of the ITO for internationalizing the provision of Public Service.To investigate the effects of internationalizing the main public service such as education sector, health sector and infrastructure... The data of this study will be accumulate from the online data series such as http//stats.oecd.org/OECD Stat _Metadata, GATT, WTO and ITO. This will be collected to investigate effect of globalization to the public se rvices (health sector, education, and infrastructure) in Egypt.The General parallelism on Tariffs and Trade has evolved into what is now World Trade Organization. Practically, the major factor for the realization of globalization is the recently developed WTO. World trade organization stony-broke all the barriers of international trade. It liberalized traffic of goods and services import ad exports.Globalization increased the number of economic sectors, allowing the activities of trans-national entities, and reducing tariffs on merchandize (Landau 2004). It now includes services and cerebral properties. Also it enhanced the strengthening of individual member countrys economic policies.The World Trade Organization members who are considered as the vector of globalization failed to draft a new policy as to international trade. But, this has been considered to be a minimal threat to spontaneous bubbles in protectionism which usually results to economic collapse (Deutsch and Speyer 2 001).The different sectors of the societys appointment in the globalization process would largely be dependent on many factors like profession, nature of trade, whether in terms of services or in goods.

Operation management and decision making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Operation management and decision making - Essay ExampleThis is an argona of some uncertainty in the capacity planning process. Hitachi Ltd is one of the companies utilize capacity management as the main tool to plan and control its production processes and improve performance.Hitachi Ltd. is a global leader on the electronic grocery specialized in Electronic Devices, Power & Industrial Systems, Digital Media & Consumer Products, High Functional Materials & Components, Logistics and Financial Services. The paper and analysis lead concentrate only on one sphere of its activity Electronic Devices. These are represented by the following types of products power tools, measurements tools, electronic devices, semiconductors, etc. A special attention will be given to one product, semiconductors. In this segment, the efforts of executives to improve the management process have resulted in an influx of technological advances. Semiconductors are manufactured in lacquer and Asia (Hitachi se miconductors 2008).For Hitachi Ltd, capacity planning is not visionary or futuristic thinking, but an example of process versus substance. Capacity management for semiconductors is the process that creates a balance amid what is desired and what is possible. Capacity management enables managers to distinguish truly important decisions from less important ones and to build a strategic agenda. It is a process that deals with interdepartmental issues and allows the nerve to develop synergy among functional components. It is a process that helps managers deal with turbulent, complex, and influential environments. It helps to identify critical success factors or key result areas, to avoid additive thinking, and to effectively deal with change. The main products for semiconductors are Interlayer Dielectric Materials, High Heat resistance Photopolymers, die bonding paste, different types of bonding films, Epoxy Molding Compounds, luculent encapsulants, a high heat resistant coating. Th e product purity is strongly affected by many upstream variations (Hitachi semiconductors 2008). Local engineering system of ruless help arouse the chromatography columns to insure that the product meets minimum market specifications. These variations result in higher energy consumption and lower production capacity. At times, large variations disrupt the column operation to such an extent that it is necessary to shut down and restart. The fundamental source of such variation is easily traced to variations in the rates and concentrations of the many feeds that are pumped to the tank farm. In this case, as a recycle facility, it is not practical to negotiate with the suppliers for more consistency in the raw materials. There is weensy choice but to take the recycled acid as it comes, variation and all. There is a possibility, however, of reducing the order of magnitude of the problem by modifying the process and control system designs to be less sensitive to such unavoidable upst ream variations. The plumbing of the tank is changed to make better use of the capacity of the inventory to reduce the magnitude and the frequency of the variations seen by the columns (Chase & Jacobs 2003). The main outputs are power semiconductors (high voltage, diodes), semiconductors for communication systems, and SDRAM for electronic technology (Hitachi semiconductors 2008).. Improvements in production and inventory control translate

Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Strategy - Essay ExampleThis will range from an individual to an organisation. A contractor of a construction forecast can subcontract the electricity wiring to the subcontractor. Recommendation as a subcontractor or primary(prenominal) contractor The amount of resources available would determine whether a caller-out or an individual can be the main contractor or the subcontractor. The private family owned telephoner would be better off operating as a sub contractor rather than a main contractor or even carrying out both the activities of the main contractor and the subcontractor. The operations of the company as evidenced by the financial statements indicate large amounts of sum that has been used to transact the liabilities. As much as the liabilities still run subvert than the assets, the margin is very small and would not guarantee that the company will not incur losses soon. A company would consider being a main contractor or a subcontractor depending on the balanc e between the assets and liabilities. This financial statement is important to determine the profitability and the liquidity of the company. A subcontractor may decide to operate so not only because of the limit of resources but because the subcontractor is more specialised in a go byn section of the contract than the main contractor. The companys decision to become a main or subcontractor should be based on the health and safety of the employees and workers of the organisation which would have been provided to give a judgement that is based on all the factors that affect the operation of the compan

Democratic Society Essay Example for Free

Democratic fiat EssayThe conducted study revealed that both external and intragroup factors are of great importance for facilitation democratic changes in developing countries. Some observers argue that democratic outcomes are strongly related to the extent to which power holders afford been encouraged by pressure from various external and domestic sources for example, internationally, from foreign governments granting financial aid and, at home, from civil and political society to allow citizens greater participation in the political arena.Others suggest that democratic progress is primarily associated with an array of domestic factors affecting political outcomes, including level of economic development, quality of political leadership and political culture. It seems that truth, as usual, lies somewhere in between. Without a doubt, globalization of democratisation encourages developing countries to keep up to date and join the process of internationalisation of economic growth and get profit from widening of free markets, reinforced by new means of international communication.But our study proves that to promote democratization the developing nation has to maintain multiple domestic conditions such as adherence to sustainable economic development and willingness to allocate public resources in frank manner, strong middle class, powerful and soundly structured civil society, effectively functioning multi-party system, and liberal political culture. Thus, economic development proved to be the most important predictor of democratization.It seems that, once a country achieves a certain degree of economic development, additional economic growth is an important ingredient for the developing countrys continued progress toward further democratization. Our study demonstrated that continued democratization of developing countries depends heavily on their economic liberalization, supported by the increased purchasing power of the people.The empirical findin gs cited in our study clearly showed that the unique Confucian or Islamic political culture/civilization does non prevent the internationalization of national economies from affecting the degree of democracy. It seems, therefore, that states may be able to delay, but not negate, the process of political liberalization induced by economic liberalization. As the economic opportunities increase for individuals and private businesses, their awareness of the potential for improving their civil liberties also increases.Subsequently, they will begin to demand more freedom. It seems, therefore, that the good of the standard of living and the popular involvement in the economic and political decision-making are critical for long-term democratization in developing countries.ReferencesArblaster, A. (1999). Democratic Society and Its Enemies. In P. Burnell P. Calvert, (Eds. ), The Resilience of Democracy Persistent Practice, Durable Idea, special issue of Democratization, 6(1), 33-49.

Halloween Night to Prom Night Essay Example for Free

Halloween Night to Prom Night EssayHepatitis A is inflammation (irritation and swelling) of the liver from the hepatitis A virus.See in addition* Hepatitis* Hepatitis A vaccine* Hepatitis B* Hepatitis CCauses, incidence, and risk factorsThe hepatitis A virus is open mostly in the stools and blood of an infected person about 15 45 days before symptoms occur and during the first week of illness. You fanny catch hepatitis A if* You eat or drink fodder or piss that has been contaminated by stools (feces) containing the hepatitis A virus (fruits, vegetables, shellfish, ice, and water are common sources of the hepatitis A virus) * You come in contact with the stool or blood of a person who currently has the disease * A person with hepatitis A does not wash his or her hands properly after going to the bathroom and touches early(a) objects or food * You participate in sexual practices that involve oral-anal contact About 3,600 cases of hepatitis A are reported individually year. Because not everyone has symptoms with hepatitis A infection, many a(prenominal) to a greater extent people are infected than are diagnosed or reported.Risk factors include* International travel, especially to Asia or South or Central the States* IV drug use* Living in a nursing home or rehabilitation center* Working in a health care, food, or sewage industryOther common hepatitis virus infections include hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Hepatitis A is the least serious and mildest of these diseases. The other hepatitis infections may become continuing illnesses, but hepatitis A does not become chronic. There is no specific treatment for hepatitis A. Rest is recommended when the symptoms are most severe. People with subacute hepatitis should avoid alcoholic beverage and any substances that are toxic to the liver, including acetaminophen (Tylenol). Fatty foods may cause vomiting, because substances from the liver are needed to digest fats. Fatty foods are best avoided during the acut e phase. The virus does not remain in the body after the infection has gone away. Over 85% of people with hepatitis A recoverwithin 3 months. Nearly all patients get better within 6 months. There is a low risk of death, usually among the elderly and persons with chronic liver disease. taproomThe following tips can help reduce your risk of spreading or catching the virus * Always wash your hands thoroughly after utilize the restroom and when you come in contact with an infected persons blood, stools, or other bodily fluid. * Avoid unclean food and water.The virus may spread more rapidly through day care centers and other places where people are in close contact. Thorough hand washing before and after each diaper change, before serving food, and after using the restroom may help prevent such outbreaks. If you permit recently been exposed to hepatitis A and have not had hepatitis A before or have not received the hepatitis A vaccine series, ask your doctor or nurse about receiving a ll immune globulin or the hepatitis A vaccine. Common reasons why you may need to receive one or both of these include * You live with someone who has hepatitis A* You recently had sexual contact with someone who has hepatitis A * You recently shared illegal drugs, either injected or noninjected, with someone who has hepatitis A * You have had close personalised contact over a period of time with someone who has hepatitis A * You have eaten in a restaurant where food or food handlers were found to be infected or contaminated with hepatitis A Vaccines that protect against hepatitis A infection are available. The vaccine begins to protect 4 weeks after receiving the first dose. The 6- to 12-month agonist is required for long-term protection. See Hepatitis A vaccine Travelers should take the following precautionsTravelers should take the following precautions* Avoid dairy products.* Avoid raw or undercooked warmheartedness and fish.* Beware of sliced fruit that may have been washed in contaminated water. Travelers should peel all fresh fruits and vegetables themselves.* Do not buy food from street vendors.* Get vaccinated against hepatitis A (and possibly hepatitis B) if traveling to countries where outbreaks of the disease occur. * Use only carbonated bottled water for brushing teeth and drinking. (Remember that ice cubes can carry infection.) * If no water is available, boiling water is the best method for eliminating hepatitis A. Bringing the water to a full boil for at least 1 minute generally makes it safe to drink. * Heated food should be hot to the touch and eaten right away.

Evaluation of Hemodialysis Patients’ Tumor Marker

Evaluation of Hemodialysis Patients Tumor MarkerCEA tumor marking level associates comorbidity of hemodialysis patientsPurposes Hemodialysis (HD) impresss serum concentration of biomarkers. However, it remains unreadable ab forth the effect of HD on the levels of biomarkers, and efficacy of biomarkers in HD. The aim of this regard is to evaluate the effects of HD on commonly utilise tumor markers.Methods A summation of 28 unselected patients (22 men, 6 women) with end-st develop nephritic disease (ESRD), treated with maintenance HD, were enrolled in this study. GOT and tumor markers CA-153, CA-125, and CEA are measured.Results The mean age was 57.6 12.6 years, HD duration was 51.0 34.0 months. Tumor marker CEA level is correspond to Charlsons score of HD patients, levels of CA153 and CA125 are not fit to age, duration of dialysis and Charlsons score. GOT level is correlatived to age, and Charlsons score. Mean care for of CEA level (5.94.0 ng/ml compared to normal value of 3 ng/ml for non-smoker and 5 ng/ml for smoker) is larger than normal value. Levels of CA153 (13.311.6 U/ml), CA125 (35.238.9 U/ml) and GOT value (20.48.9 U/L) f all(prenominal) in normal trope.Conclusions Concentration of CEA tumor marker is correlated with Charlsons score which strongly correlated with HD outcome. GOT value is correlated with age and Charlsons score which implies liver function drop in long bound HD patients.Keywords biomarkers, End-Stage Renal Disease, evaluation, hemodialysis, CEA.IntroductionHemodialysis (HD) is widely used for kidney failure patients who may represent a variety of underlying causes, including diabetes, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis. The dialysis membrane in artificial kidney tube filtrates out small molecules especially for small molecular weight proteins (i.e., et. al. shows that cancer-free HD humanity demonstrated significantly lower PSA compared to controls 8. Here we examine the serum level of commonly used molecular biomarkers , i.e., CA-153, CA125, CEA, and GOT of HD patients.Patient and materialsStudy subjectsExperiments performed in this study complied with the current laws and regulations in Taiwan, Republic of China. All procedures are followed by the ethnical guideline and approved by Kaohsiung Armed Forces Hospital committee, Taiwan. A total of 28 persons between the ages of 37 and 76 years with end-stage renal disease, receiving dialysis treatment three times per week, were enrolled in a prospective study in March 2008. Dialysis was carried out using a Nikkiso DBB-22B dialysis machine with 4 hours session. Dialyzer with APS 18MD (Asahi Kasei, Osaka, Japan, polysulfone membrane, surface area 1.8 m2, in vitro clearances for urea, 198 ml/min for QB-200 ml/min). Blood flow rate was place at 200 ml/min. Patients with vascular success insufficiency which cant reach required blood flow rate was excluded. Ultrafiltration rate (51285 ml/h) was adjusted according to the patients needs. The flow and tempera ture of the dialysate was 500 ml/min and 37oC, respectively. Vascular access was either via an arterio-venous fistula (sixteen treatments), graft (nine treatments), or a permanent catheter (three treatment). Serum CA-153, CA125, CEA, GOT levels were measured before and immediately later on HD using low-flux membrane.Blood/serum collectionSerum samples were collected from HD patients during and after the course of HD treatment. 5 ml blood was collected in EDTA tube. The serum were then stored in 4oC and processed within 12 hours. The serum samples were centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 10 min earlier to splitting into aliquots and stored at -20oC.Laboratory methodsThe serum levels of CA-153, CA125, CEA and GOT were measured with Abbott Axsym analyzer (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, III). The reference ranges of the markers were CA-153, 0-31.3 U/ml CA-125, 0-35 U/ml CEA, 0-3 ng/ml for non-smoker, and 0-5 ng/ml for smoker GOT, 0-32 U/L.Statistical analysisThe data reported are means s tandard deviations (SD). Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used for analyses of linear associations. Because the concentrations of serum tumor markers were not normally distributed, significance of differences was assessed by Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed-Ranks Test. The level of statistical significance was always set at PResultsBaseline demographic and clinical dataWe examine 28 patients, of which 22 were men and 6 were women. The baseline demographic and clinical data are summarized in control panel 1. All patients are diagnosed as end-stage renal failure. The mean age was 57.8 12.6 years. Mean dialysis vintage was 51.0 34.0 months.Measurement of tumor marker concentration of hemodialysis patientsThe mean value of CA-153, CA125, and GOT fall in normal range (16.516.3 before hemodialysis, and 18.616.3 after hemodialysis, compared with 31.3 U/ml normal value, 35.238.9 before dialysis, and 34.341.2 after hemodialysis, compared to Correlates of serum markersCorrelations bet ween serum markers levels and age, duration of dialysis and Charlsons score are tested. Of all variables, patient age and Charlsons score are correlated with levels of some serum markers. CEA level was correlated with Charlsons score (r=0.42, p=0.03) (Fig. 1).GOT level was correlated with age (r=0.42, p=0.02) (Fig. 2) and Charlsons score (r=0.48, p=0.01) (Fig. 3). Other variables, including CA-153, CA125 is not correlated with age (r=0.07, p=0.7 r=0.2, p=0.3, respectively), and also not correlated with duration of HD, Charlsons score (Table 2).Direct effect of hemodialysis on concentration of serum markersSince the data of CA-153, CA125, CEA and GOT fail in normal distribution test, Wilcoson subscribe rank tested is chosen to compare groups before and after hemodialysis. Groups of CA-153, CA125, CEA, and GOT before hemodialysis are not significantly different to that after hemodialysis (Table 3).sermonCA-153, CA-125, CEA are commonly used tumor markers. CA-125 is a glycoprotein wit h high molecular weight ( 200 kDa), and is a cancer antigen for monitor mesothelium especially for ovarian cancer. Recently, CA-125 is used to monitor mesothelial cell viability in PD patients 9,10. CEA is carcinoembryonic antigen with a molecular weight about 180-200 kDa, commonly used for monitoring gastric cancer 11, weakly correlate with carotid atherosclerosis 12, and with prognostic value of colorectal cancer in PD patients 13. The mean value of CEA of 28 patients is higher than normal value, which is consistent with antecedent reports that patients with ESRD are usually with higher risk of cancer, and with higher levels of tumor markers 14. In our cases, patient no.2, 5, 9, 13 and 27 were expired within 1 year after diagnosis. Patient no. 2 is finally diagnosed as hepatoma, patient no. 5 is cirrhosis of liver and died in septicemia, patient no. 9 is died in leukemia, and patient no 13 is died in lung cancer. It shows that high levels of CEA correlated with Charlsons score wh ich implies poor outcome, however it remain further confirmation. CA-153 is correlated to risk of liver disease. Though 8% patients were diagnosed liver diseases, but their GOT value fall in normal range, and CA-153 values of them were also normal.There are many reports indicated that long term hemodialysis may affect levels of biomarkers. We showed that biomarkers alter non-significantly after one HD procedure. It is interesting that recent report indicated acute effects of HD treatment on up- or waste regulation of apoptotic genes in blood leucocytes 15 Tumor markers were produced by neoplastic cells, and can also be secreted by normal tissue. Many chronic diseases, e.g., inflammation, chronic bronchitis, cirrhosis of liver and renal diseases, affect the metabolism and elimination of tumor markers, may contribute the long term elevation of tumor markers. Our data show that abruptly term effect of HD on patients is not significant. And all 4 serum markers are not correlated with duration of HD. It seems that the response of patients to HD doesnt directly affect levels of these serum markers. However, CEA and GOT are shown to be candidates markers for monitoring HD outcome as they are positively correlated with Charlsons score.Table I Baseline demographic and clinical dataGFR, glomerular filtration rate NPCR, normalized protein catabolic rate, *Modified Charlsons comorbidity score is calculated according to Beddhu S, 2000.Table II. Correlation of serum markers and age, duration of HD, and Charlsons score.Table III. Comparison of serum tumor markers before and after hemodialysisLegends to FiguresFigure 1.Scatter plots, regression line, and 95% confidence intervals reflecting correlations between serum levels of CEA and Charlsons score of 28 HD patients.Figure 2.Scatter plots, regression line, and 95% confidence intervals reflecting correlations between serum levels of GOT and Charlsons score of 28 HD patients.Figure 3.Scatter plots, regression line, and 95% c onfidence intervals reflecting correlations between serum levels of GOT and age of 28 HD patients.

Muscle Stretching Exercise for Primary Dysmenorrhoea Pain

Muscle Stretching Exercise for Primary Dysmenorrhoea PainCHAPTER-VDISCUSSION, SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, IMPLICATIONS,LIMITATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSDISCUSSIONDysmenorrhoea is derived from a Greek vocalise and the meaning of this Greek word is difficult menstrual flow. The two divisions of dysmenorrhoea are elemental and secondary. Primary dysmenorrhoea is defined as recurrent, crampy put out occurring with menstruation in the absence seizure of significant pelvic pathology. Primary dysmenorrhoea is caused by myometrial activity resulting in uterine ischemia ca employ disquiet. Primary dysmenorrhoea is characterized by a crampy, suprapubic pain and this pain starts several(prenominal) hours before and a few hours after the onset of menstruation. And this pain is characteristically colicky and located in the midline of the lower abdomen but somemagazines the pain may extends to lower quadrants, the lumbar area, and the thighs. The associated symptoms of direct winding dysmenorrhoea ar e diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting, fatigue, light-headedness, headache, dizziness and, rarely, syncope and fever. Age is a de shapeinant factor of uncomplicated dysmenorrhoea, the symptoms cosmos more pronounced in teens than in older women (SOGC- old dysmenorrhoea consensus guidelines)The present piece of work was designed to assess the efficientness of muscularity reaching reading on pain and self-consciousness during capital dysmenorrhoea among B.Sc breast feeding students in KMCH College of Nursing, Coimbatore. The major findings of the study were analyzed statistically and discussed downstairs based on objectivesThe first objective of the study was to pick out the Prevalence of uncreated election dysmenorrhoea among B.Sc Nursing studentsDemographic DescriptionIt is seen that among 50 subjects, regarding the season, most of the subjects were under 20 divisions of old that means from 17 to 20.In respect of stratum of study, main(a) dysmenorrhoea was high in II I year B.Sc Nursing students (72.84 per cent).With regard to age at menarche 54(per cent) attained menarche at and on a lower floor 13 years and 46 (per cent) attained menarche at 14 years and above. Regarding their Body Mass Index, 40 (per cent) of students were 18.1 to 20 and 34 per cent of students were 20.1 and above.Agarwal, (2010) conducted an explorative survey technique with a co-relational nuzzle to find out thethe prevalence of primary dysmenorrhoea in adolescent girls from the study he concluded that primary dysmenorrhoea is a very ballpark line of work among adolescent girls.Prevalence rate of primary dysmenorrhoea among B.Sc Nursing studentsThe prevalence rate of primary dysmenorrhoea among B.Sc Nursing students was 61.25 per cent. The prevalence rate of primary dysmenorrhoea was high in thirdly year B.Sc Nursing students (72.84 per cent).Shah et al., (2013) conducted a cross sectional study at nursing college, situated in campus of largest tertiary care hospital i n central and southwestern Gujarat, to find out the prevalence of primary dysmenorrhoea in young females. The sample size was 116. Out of 116 students, 52 (45 per cent) had primary dysmenorrhoea and the peak incidence in amongst 19 to 21.So the prevalence primary dysmenorrhoea is high in young female population. Such high prevalence makes dysmenorrhoea a significant public health problem among young students that demands some attention from policy makers also.Nag reported (1982) the incidence rate of primary dysmenorrhoea in India is 60 (per cent).But the true incidence and prevalence of primary dysmenorrhoea are not clearly established in India.The second objective of the study was to assess the item of pain and annoying during primary dysmenorrhoea among B.Sc Nursing students.The point in time of pain during primary dysmenorrhoea was measured by numerical pain scale. The investigator found that out of 50 students about 20(40 per cent) students the degree of pain was 5 and bel ow 5, next 20(40 per cent) of students the degree of pain was from 6 to 7 and the last 10(20 per cent) students the degree of pain was 8 and above 8 that means up to 10.The degree of discomfort during primary dysmenorrhoea was measured by primary dysmenorrhoea discomfort rating scale. The investigator found that out of 50 students about 11(22 per cent)students the degree of discomfort was 60 and below 60,17(34 per cent) students the degree of discomfort was from 61 to 70 and 22(44 per cent)students the degree of discomfort was 71 and above 71 that means up to 108.Banikarim et al., (1999) conducted a cross sectional explore study in that he found among 705 subjects 27(per cent) had mild primary dysmenorrhoea pain, 32 (per cent) had moderate and 41% had severe primary dysmenorrhoea pain. Other discomforts that associated with primary dysmenorrhoea were fatigue (67 per cent), backache (56 per cent), dizziness (28 per cent), vomiting (12 per cent) and headache (58 per cent). Primary dy smenorrhoea is a common cause for severe disruption to the lives of adolescent girls. Therefore the health workers should educate the female girls regarding the treatment options for primary dysmenorrhoea in order to reduce the existing health and college limitations caused by primary dysmenorrhoea.Al-Kindi and Al-Bulushi revealed in their research 94 (per cent) of the participants had primary dysmenorrhoea. Primary dysmenorrhoea was mild in 21 per cent, moderate in 41(per cent) of subjects, and severe in 32 (per cent) of subjects. Primary dysmenorrhoea resulted in particular sports activities in 81 (per cent), class concentration in 75 (per cent) of subjects, limited homework in 59 (per cent) of cases, College absenteeism in 45 (per cent) of subjects, limited social activities in 25(per cent), and decreased study performance in 8 (per cent) of the affected subjects.The third objective of the study was to label the speciality of muscle stretching exercise on pain during primary d ysmenorrhoea.The mean pre-test primary dysmenorrhoea pain score was 5.72 and spatial relation test primary dysmenorrhoea pain was 2.18 and the computed value oft was 16.09.So the calculated t value was more than circumvent t value (2.021) at 49 degree of freedom, in that respectfore the calculated t value was significant at 0.05 level. It was statistically proved that muscle stretching exercise was effective to reduce pain during primary dysmenorrhoea.The mean pre-test primary dysmenorrhoea discomfort score was 67.74 and post test primary dysmenorrhoea discomfort was 45.54 and the computed value oft was 14.08.So the calculated t value was more than table t value(2.021)at 49 degree of freedom, therefore the calculated t value was significant at 0.05 level. It was statistically proved that muscle stretching exercise was effective to reduce discomfort during primary dysmenorrhoea.Shahr-jerdy et al., (2012) conducted a research to assess the effectiveness of muscle stretching exercis e on primary dysmenorrhoea. The participants were randomly divided into 2 groups an experimental group (n = 124) and a control group (n = 55). After muscle stretching exercise intervention the pain intensity was reduced from 7.65 to 4.88, and primary dysmenorrhoea discomfort was decreased from 7.48 to 3.86(pOnur et al., (2012) assessed the effect of home-based exercise on pain intensity and quality of emotional state in women with primary dysmenorrhoea. The sample size was 45.The data collection tools were physiologic Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), visual analogue scale (VAS), and SF-36 health survey. A standard home-based exercise intervention was instructed for all participants, and the outcome measures were re-collected during three consecutive menstrual cycles. At the end of the study VAS showed a significant reduction (PSOGC Primary Dysmenorrhoea Consensus Guidelines (2005) shows in a review of 4 randomized controlled trials and in 2 experimental studies, exercise was effect ive to reduce primary dysmenorrhoea symptoms. A more recent research pointed out that vigorous exercises (more than 3 times per week) effective to reduce the material symptoms related to menstruation.The fourth objective of the study was to associate the level of pain during primary dysmenorrhoea with selected demographic variables.The chi-square test showed that there was no significant association amidst the pre-test post test primary dysmenorrhoea pain and discomfort scores with selected demographic variables such as age, year of study, age at menarche, and Body Mass Index.Weissman et al., (2004) conducted a study to explain the prevalence, course, severity, and predictive factors of primary dysmenorrhoea in women of all reproductive ages. And they did not find each significant association between primary dysmenorrhoea and age at menarcheChauhan Kala (2012) found the incidence rate of primary dysmenorrhoea was high in low Body Mass Index (SUMMARYPrimary dysmenorrhoea is a com mon health problem of adolescent females. So they need further education regarding the treatment options for primary dysmenorrhoea in order to decrease the existing health and college limitations caused by primary dysmenorrhoea (Banikarim et al., 1999).Keeping in this view, the researcher aimed to conduct a study to assess the effectiveness of muscle stretching exercises on pain and discomfort during primary dysmenorrhoea among B.Sc Nursing students in KMCH college of nursing at Coimbatore.The objectives of the study wereTo identify the prevalence of primary dysmenorrhoea among B.Sc Nursing studentsTo assess the degree of pain and discomfort during primary dysmenorrhoea among B.Sc Nursing students.To evaluate the effectiveness of muscle stretching exercises on pain and discomfort during primary dysmenorrhoea.To associate the level of pain and discomfort during primary dysmenorrhoea with selected demographic variables.Review of writings helped the researcher to collect the relevant information to support the study, to design the methodology and to develop the tools.The sample size was 50 B.Sc Nursing students. The one group pretest post-test was designed by the investigator to assess the effectiveness of muscle stretching exercises on pain and discomfort during primary dysmenorrhoea among B.Sc Nursing students.50 B.Sc Nursing students were selected by purposive sampling technique. The research tool was developed and adopted after reviewing the relevant literature. The tools were numerical pain scale for metre pain and primary dysmenorrhoea rating scale for measuring discomfort of primary dysmenorrhoea.The collected data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics based on the formulated objectives of the study. The tested and accepted the hypothesis that there is a significant reduction in primary dysmenorrhoea pain and after muscle stretching exercises.Major findings of the studyThe total incidence rate of primary dysmenorrhoea among B.Sc Nursing students were 61.25(per cent).It shows the students had dreadful pain and discomfort during primary dysmenorrhoea.According to the pre-test primary dysmenorrhoea pain score more than half (60 per cent) of students had the pain score 6 and above 6. But in the post-test primary dysmenorrhoea pain score only 24 per cent of students had the pain score 4 and above 4According to the pre-test primary dysmenorrhoea discomfort score more than half (78 per cent) of students had the discomfort score 61 and above 61. But in the post-test primary dysmenorrhoea discomfort score only 30 per cent of students had the pain score 49 and above 49. sloshed difference of pre-test post-test primary dysmenorrhoea pain score was 3.54.Mean difference of pre-test post-test primary dysmenorrhoea discomfort score was22.2.Mean score of pre-test primary dysmenorrhoea pain was 5.72,mean score of post-test primary dysmenorrhoea pain was 2.18.It shows the subjects had a significant reduction in their pain after mus cle stretching exercise intervention.(PMean score of pre-test primary dysmenorrhoea discomfort was 67.74,mean score of post-test primary dysmenorrhoea discomfort was 45.54.It shows the subjects had a significant reduction in their discomfort after muscle stretching exercise intervention.(PThere was no association between pre-test post-test primary dysmenorrhoea pain and discomfort scores with selected demographic variables.CONCLUSIONThe following conclusion is made on the light of above findings that most of the students suffer moderate to severe pain and discomfort during menstruation. Muscle stretching exercises are the effective, simple, non-medicinal measure to reduce the pain and discomfort during primary dysmenorrhoea. This research can make an awareness regarding how to manage primary dysmenorrhoea pain and discomfort among Nursing students, College lectures and parents. Muscle stretching exercises are the effective, safe, less time consuming form of therapy for students with primary dysmenorrhoea. It can be implemented into clinical invest and health education in order to increase the quality of life for students with primary dysmenorrhoea.IMPLICATIONSThe world around us is growing very fastly. Society has tremendous technological advancement in day to day life work out to managing pain that arise from unsound body mechanism. Although the natural methods of pain control is acceptable and accessible to everyone in this world because the natural methods does not have any side effect. Therefore the health care providers have the responsibility for providing support and comfort to female adolescents during menstruation.Nursing PracticeA midwife can normal planned education programme to impart knowledge and skill in management of primary dysmenorrhoea.Midwife can teach medicinal, non-medicinal, and conventional practices for managing primary dysmenorrhoea. midwifery give sucks can conduct camp for school and college students regarding how to manage prim ary dysmenorrhoea.Understand the importance of muscle stretching exercise for managing primary dysmenorrhoea.Encourage the doctors to differentiate the primary dysmenorrhoea from secondary dysmenorrhoea and offer treatment if necessary.Nursing EducationThis study helps the student nurses to gain more idea regarding how to differentiate primary dysmenorrhoea from secondary dysmenorrhoea.The nurse pedagog can encourage the student nurses to conduct research based on the other complementary therapies for managing primary dysmenorrhoea.The nurse educator can encourage the student nurses to conduct research among adolescent girls regarding the prevalence rate and risk of primary dysmenorrhoea.Encourage the student nurses to participate in exercise progrmmes for managing primary dysmenorrhoea.Nurse educator can encourage the student nurses to educate the health professionals about primary dysmenorrhoea, its severity and its impact on adolescent health.Nursing ResearchThis study gives f ocusing for further studies to conduct in this area.This is important to identify the existing prevalence rate, risk factors, and medicinal, non-medicinal, and complementary therapies of primary dysmenorrhoea.The evident from other literatures indicates more research in the area of primary dysmenorrhoea management.Nursing AdministrationNurse administrator can plan and organize camp for school and college students regarding the complementary therapies for managing primary dysmenorrhoea.Programme for nurse midwives to update their knowledge regarding menstruation related complications of adolescents.Local mass media can be used to popularize muscle stretching exercise as a conventional therapy for managing primary dysmenorrhoea.LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDYThe study was limited to B.Sc Nursing students of 17-21 yearsThe study samples were taken from only one collegeThe short term effect of the muscle stretching exercise only assessedRECOMMENDATIONSA similar study can be conducted in larger group to generalize the findings.A long term study to reinforce the effectiveness of muscle stretching exercise can be undertaken.An extensive descriptive study to assess the knowledge attitude and practice of primary dysmenorrhoea among adolescent girls can be conducted.A study can be conducted to assess the incidence rate of primary dysmenorrhoea.A similar study we can conduct to findout the effectiveness of non-medicinal interventions for primary dysmenorrhoea.A similar study we can conduct to find out the effectiveness of conventional therapies for managing primary dysmenorrhoea.A comparative study we can conduct between medicinal and non-medicinal treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea.A similar study can be conducted to know the effectiveness of muscle stretching exercise on pre-menstrual symptoms also.ABSTRACTTitle of the study A study to assess the effectiveness of muscle stretching exercises on pain and discomfort during primary dysmenorrhoea among B.Sc Nursing students in KMC H College of Nursing, Coimbatore. Objectives of the study were as follows, identify the prevalence of primary dysmenorrhoea among B.Sc Nursing students, determine the degree of pain and discomfort during primary dysmenorrhoea among B.Sc Nursing students, evaluate the effectiveness of muscle stretching exercise on pain and discomfort during primary dysmenorrhoea, associate the level of pain and discomfort during primary dysmenorrhoea with selected demographic variables. One group pretest and post test design was adopted. Setting of the study was KMCH College of Nursing, Coimbatore. Sample was 50 B.Sc Nursing students with primary dysmenorrhoea. Sampling technique was Non probability purposive sampling technique was adopted. The model of this study was developed from Titler et al (2004) Effectiveness model. Menstrual pain perception level was measured by using numerical pain scale and primary dysmenorrhoea discomfort was assessed by primary dysmenorrhoea discomfort assessing rating s cale. Muscle stretching exercise was given to the subjects five days per week about 30 min, under the supervision of investigator. Result of the study had shown significant effect of muscle stretching exercises on pain and discomfort during primary dysmenorrhoea. This is proved by pairedt test. The pairedt value for pain and exercise was16.09 (p