Why a University Student Should Stay in School Assignment

Why a University Student Should Stay in School - Assignment Example Arguments for staying in school Staying in school to complete university education has many benefits in the student’s life in school, life after school and to the student’s immediate society. One of the sets of benefits of staying in school is the available opportunity for the student to develop professional and social networks. Interactions between a student and lecturers and other professional stakeholders to higher education, for example, establish a person’s initial networks with professionals. This also allows mentorship to shape the student’s life and to influence the student into a productive member of society. Being in school also has the advantages of a developed network with fellow students from different faculties and courses towards future professional and social networks. The developed relationships are especially important for future networking as future work and social commitment identifies the scarce time for networking. The developed netwo rks with other students also have the advantages of future professional interactions for identification of future entrepreneurial and employment opportunities (Monash 1). The developed social networks during college educations have also registered social benefits as some people have met their spouses and best friends on campus. Similarly, universities offer opportunities for discovering one’s talent through available extra curriculum activities. While some of these talents may generate social benefits in recreation, development of the talents into professional applications has economic advantages (Pure potential 1). Another benefit of university education, free potential dent should stay to complete a program, is the direct utility from the institution’s curricula. A student, for example, learns to overcome obstacles in the academic field and to apply such potentials in real life situations. Such applications may be direct to a person’s field of study or may be indirect through an application of developed rationale and intellect towards deriving solutions to social problems. The university also offers opportunities for development of leadership potentials. Similarly, learning environments in universities offer opportunities for explorations and discoveries among students. The setups in the institutions, for instance, have facilities for research into the development of new knowledge and application. Such developments benefit both students and society through the development of solutions to social problems or the development of entrepreneurial products towards commercial gains. The institutions’ environments that foster creativity and innovation also develop students’ ability to venture into entrepreneurial activities for economic self-reliance (Monash). The greatest benefit of staying in school to complete a university education is, however, the developed ability towards improved aspects of an individual’s life. Comple ting a university program, for example, grants the graduate an academic qualification into the job market.

Homosexuality and LGBT rights in Vietnam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Homosexuality and LGBT rights in Vietnam - Essay Example The country hosts highly talented people belonging to a variety of professions including artists, scientists, lawyers, and economists. Still, the discrimination of the society toward the LGBT community in general is overt. Vietnam is just another country among a range of conservative countries in which homosexuality is perceived as a taboo. While people hold different views about it, the view against homosexuality is carried by a vast majority of people in the society. Although a Google search over the keywords â€Å"Dong tinh† leads an individual to more than 250 million links in a fraction of a second, yet most of the links reveal the negative stance of the society of Vietnam over the topic of homosexuality. Most people in Vietnam express curiosity and distress over the topic, and articles citing cases of discrimination against the homosexuals in different ways can be readily found. However, the situation has started to change recently in favor of the LGBT community in Vietn am, even though the country has to go a long way before equality of rights of the LGBT community can be established. A major hurdle in the way of social acceptance of the LGBT community in Vietnam is certain misunderstandings. At a conference organized for gay-rights, Le Quang Binh, the think-tank leader mentioned that while 57 per cent of the Vietnamese thought of homosexuality as a social fad, 48 per cent of them thought that it was a curable condition. Nguyen Thanh Tam, the Viet Pride founder recalled the curiosity shown by people to see the rainbow flags at the last year’s event in these words, â€Å"People were running up to us asking why we were carrying rainbow flags. They wanted to know what product we were marketing† (Tam cited in Phillips). According to the LGBT activist Tam, life for the lesbians is made particularly complicated by the police as the police hauls them in for questioning on charges that while their gender is mentioned as female on their identity cards, they look like boys to the cops. A major barrier in the way of the LGBT movement is social conformity. Peopl e belonging to the minority are understood by others with difficulty since people tend to follow the norm that being different is bad. Rights of the LGBT community in Vietnam is a pleasant outlier among the human-rights statistics’ bleak set. The police has arrested many dissident bloggers in 2013 whereas the total number of political prisoners in detention in Vietnam surpasses 150 (Phillips). The case of Dieu Cay, the campaigning journalist is one of the most high-profile cases in Vietnam. â€Å"Suffering a raft of serious health problems that require round-the-clock care, the activist is serving a 12-year sentence for â€Å"disseminating antistate information and materials,† and on June 22, embarked on an ongoing hunger strike to protest his treatment† (Phillips). Same-sex couples in Vietnam have been fined for many decades for holding the relationship ceremonies in the past. Contrary to the decades-long history of anti-gay sentiment in Vietnam, circumstances have started to change in favor of the LGBT community as a result of alteration in the laws. Gay and lesbian couples are likely to soon be allowed to conduct ceremonies of relationship in Vietnam. Lawmakers in Vietnam have started to conduct a debate regarding the hope of the advocates of gay rights and their allies that Vietnam might permit same-sex marriages in near future. Of late, the National Assembly of Vietnam has scheduled the commencement of a debate regarding amendment of the Law of Marriage and the Family which would, in effect, annul the ban placed over same-sex marriage, though the law would not allow

Review Questions Essay Example for Free

Review Questions Essay Answer the following questions (you may use MS Project Help): 1) What are the three base calendars included in MS Project and what are the default values of each? Standard Default base calendar, Monday to Friday, 8 to 5, lunch noon to 1. This is the default base calendar used for the project, for tasks and for resources. Night Shift Usually for graveyard shift, 11 PM to 8 AM, five days a week, lunch 3 AM to 4AM. 24 Hours – Work never stops here. Typically used for projects in a manufacturing situation, midnight until midnight 7 days a week. 2) What is the difference between a base calendar and a resource calendar? Resource Calendars apply to only specific resources. 3) Why schedule one project meeting after completion of the last task, Test System? We should as a final meeting to discuss how the project went as a whole. 4) Give an example of when you would assign a 24-hour calendar to a resource. 24-Hour calendars would be used in situations where a consultant is being used to complete a fixed-cost task 5) If you were doing a senior project, what would be the base calendar you would use for students working on the project and what adjustments would you make to it? The base calendar I would use would probably be the 24-hour calendar because there would not be a set time each task will be worked on. Turn in this sheet with your MS Project file to the Weekly iLab Dropbox.

Carbon Footprint And Water Footprint Environmental Sciences Essay

Carbon Footprint And Water Footprint Environmental Sciences Essay The paper is written on Ecological Footprint and its two subsets: Carbon Footprint and Water Footprint. These different Footprints are accounting tools which are used to measure the impact of resource consumption on the environment. The tool helps in signifying that how deep human beings have penetrated to disturb the ecological balance. Ecological Footprint is a progress indicator which is used to achieve environmental sustainability. The paper starts with a small introduction on Ecological Footprint and is then followed by the relationship between Biocapacity (BC) and Ecological Footprint (EF). BC and EF share a supply and demand relationship. The BC and EF relationship is very important because it helps the analyst to determine a nations or regions natural capital and resource consumption in that bioproductive area. If the biocapacity of a bioproductive area is sufficient to satisfy the Ecological Footprint then its stated that the area has reserve resources. If the Biocapacity is not sufficient to fulfil the Ecological demand then there is deficit of resource. In this case, the nation or the region has to trade with others for natural resources. The deficit of resources states that the consumption rate is very fast than the Earths renewal rate. Carbon Footprint is another tool which is used to measure an individuals contribution towards green house gas emission (GHG).Carbon Footprint calculator helps an individual to find out his carbon footprint value. Higher the carbon Footprint the more contribution an individual is making towards Global Warming. Water Footprint is also a subset of Ecological Footprint and is a novel concept. Water Footprint is an accounting tool which helps in determining the volume of fresh water consumed by an individual, group or city. The paper suggests few ways by which Carbon and water Footprint can be reduced. The only purpose for reducing the footprint value is to progress towards sustainability and to gift a sufficient and liveable Earth to our future coming generations. CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION The Ecological Footprint is the measure to determine the extent to which human beings consume natures resources to the amount that can be regenerated by the earth. The Ecological Footprint (EF) is basically a young accounting tool for renewable resources that is used for determining the issues associated with sustainable consumption. Ecological Footprint represents the human demands for natures resources and how much bioproductive land and sea area is required to regenerate those resources to fulfil human demands under prevailing technology. The tool helps in determining how many Earths are required to support the current humanity practices and consumption. In 2006, it was stated by UN that the Humanitys Total Ecological Footprint was approximately 1.4 planet Earths; this estimate signifies that to humans consumes resources 1.4 times faster than the Earth to renew them. It takes nearly three years for UN to collect all the data from all the nations to estimate Humanitys total Ecologi cal Footprint. The Ecological Footprint tool is usually used in conjunction with Biocapacity (BC) and is expressed as EF/BC. Biocapacity refers to capacity of the area to provide natural resources and to accept or absorb waste. When the Ecological Footprint exceeds the Biocapacity mark it leads to un-sustainability. Thus the mathematical difference between EF and BC can be positive or negative, where positive means deficit and negative means surplus. The concept of EF/BC is a good analytical tool for creating awareness about resource consumption, depletion and regeneration. This tool is also very important for making the people realize the ability of Earth to regenerate consumed resources and to absorb the waste materials in a limited time frame. The Ecological Footprint value that is calculated at the end for assessment are categorized for goods, services, carbon emission, water usage, housing area, land used for work or any other purpose and also the number of earths that will be required to meet the worlds population and their levels of consumption. Ecological footprint is measured in terms of global hectares (gha). This accounting measure is very much similar to the life cycle analysis where the energy and resource consumption are converted into a normalized value which is the measure of land called the global hectares. HISTORY The concept of Ecological Footprint was first published in 1992 by William Rees. The concept was deeply explored by Mathis Wackernagel under Mr. Rees supervision at University of British Columbia in Canada from 1990-94. Originally the concept was named as Appropriate Carrying Capacity but was later changed to Ecological Footprint after getting inspired by a computer technician who appreciated the look of his new computer as a small footprint on the desk. A book was published in 1996 by Rees and Wackernagel called Our Ecological Footprint: Reducing Human Impact on the Earth. NEED FOR ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT Ecological Footprint is an accounting tool which is used to measure the consumption of Earths resources by individuals, territory, states, nations and world to their corresponding capacity of Earth to regenerate those resources and absorb the wastes. The tool can be used for: Analysing the lifestyle of the people and their daily resource consumption. Examining the extent to which a nation is utilising its biocapacity and then comparing the results with that of the other nations. Educating the people to make them realize about the biocapacity and the over consumption of natures resources with an idea to change their personal habits and resource utilization. Determining the actions and current lifestyles of the people and the nation which are not sustainable. Motivating the Multinational Companies to compute their own Ecological Footprint and take required measures to reduce the computed value. This can be done by taking initiatives towards environmental sustainability and by formulating corporate social responsibility policies. CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT FUNDAMENTALS The Ecological Footprint (EF) is used to measure how much renewable resources of the biosphere are consumed by human and how fast the Earth is able to renew those resources. The renewable resources include croplands, animal products, wood and timber, fish, etc. The consumption of resources and the use of built up bioproductive area is measured in terms of global hectares (gha). It is a measure of how much bioproductive land and sea has been used by individuals, territories, states and nations to produce the consumable renewable resources and then to absorb the waste. The global yield factor by type of consumption is a measure which translates the product into an area that is required to produce that product. The product to be consumed can be crops, timber, fisheries, pasture, etc. The productivity of the product depends upon the time selection, product selection (animal products, crops, fish) and the type of land associated with the products; croplands for crop, dairy farms for animal products, fisheries for fishes. The equivalence factor translates the land type into global hectares (in gha/ha). This factor determines the worlds average productivity of a given type of productive area to the worlds average productivity of all the areas. In general there are six ecological bioproductive area: Crop land: The land used for growing grains, vegetables, fruits and for feeding the livestock. From ecological perspective it is the most productive area. Pasture: The land that is used for grazing the livestock, to build poultry farms, to produce dairy products like cheese and butter. Forest: The land that is used for growing trees or natural forest which can in turn yield timber. They serve other ecological purposes also like preventing soil erosion, ecological balance, protecting biodiversity, climate stability and maintaining the hydrological cycles. Sea, Rivers and Oceans: They maintain the marine life and provide fishing facilities. They also help in maintaining and balancing temperatures, land and sea breeze, capturing the solar energy, etc. The coastal area provides the seas ecological production. Energy land: The land used to sequester carbon dioxide and for accumulating equivalent amount of usable energy. Built up land: The land that is used by humans for their settlements, building houses, roads and constructing high end infrastructures. It is noticed that human settlement is mostly concentrated in the fertile areas of the region. It is very important for every individual to calculate their Ecological Footprint to know their stand. Human beings are the only ones responsible for the depletion of natural resources. They have started consuming so many resources and so rapidly that it is not possible for the Earth to cope up with its rate and thus renewal of resources is delayed. Globalization is the current market trend. Everything is turning global, developing countries are utilising this opportunity to gain competitive advantage and to strengthen their economy by investing in infrastructure. To set up a new infrastructure land, money and resources are required where land comes from the reserved forest lands and resources from the surplus quota. The forest lands are for the animals, its their natural habitat. Using the forest land disturbs the biodiversity and thus leads to extinction of many species. Forest lands are also major areas for preventing soil erosion and balancing ecological cycles. The usage of resources should be such that the coming generations can also have access to these resources without compromising. The future generation also have the rights to use natural resources and if the current trend is followed where the rapid resource utilization is taking place then the very soon these resources will deplete and there will be nothing to use. There are many Ecological Footprint calculators available these days to calculate individuals, nations and world Ecological Footprint. The calculators measure the difference between the Ecological resource usage and the biocapacity which is used to determine per capita resource amount. The next section will explain the EF and BC accounting which is a tool to measure whether the bioproductive area has surplus or deficit resources. ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT AND BIOCAPACITY ACCOUNTING There is a steady rate at which the nature can restore the renewable resources which have been consumed. The idea behind Ecological Footprint is not to get a value for which resources are being used and how much resource consumption is done by an individual, territory, state or nation but instead how fast they being consumed. The current scenario states that the consumption rate is very high in comparison to the renewal rate of Earth. Ecological Footprint and biocapacity relationship is similar to the Demand-Supply relationship in economics. Ecological Footprint measures the bioproductive area (land or water) required by the population to consume renewable resources under the prevailing technology to produce waste which is to be absorbed. Biocapacity is the capacity of the area to produce renewable resources. Thus, Ecological Footprint is the demand for renewable resources and Biocapacity is the supply of renewable resources. When EF and BC are used together they are either referred to as EF/BC accounting or simply EF accounting. EF accounting is a tool to compare the supply with the demand. The difference between the EF and BC can either be positive or negative. The positive value refers to deficit of natures renewable resources and negative value refers to the surplus/reserve of natures renewable resources. EF-BC =Positive.. Deficit EF-BC =Negative.. Surplus Figure 1 A nations ecological deficit can be compensated by getting into trade agreements with other nations who have ecological reserves or by liquefying ecological assets. In case of global ecological deficit there is no compensation available and is thus equal to overshoot. The Ecological footprint can be decreased with: A small population per a given area Less consumption of resources per person High resource efficiency which can be quickly renewed. It is possible that the demand can exceed the biocapacity mark thereby leading to overshoot. This can occur when: The trees and crops are harvested faster than they can re-grow. Depletion in the fisheries before being restocked. Quick emission of CO2 into the atmosphere making it difficult for the ecosystem to sequester it. Overshoot is no longer a local phenomena but instead a global phenomena. It is not just that people have started using more resources but have also started invading natures principle. Some effects of overshoot are: Natural capital liquidation Accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere Deforestation Lack of biodiversity Scarcity of freshwater Figure 2 CALCULATING ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT The Ecological Footprint can be calculated by individually examining the amount of land used for: Crop cultivation Growing timber Grazing animals and livestock Fishing Transportation Building hi-tech infrastructure Energy production Electricity usage An individuals Ecological Footprint can be calculated by summing all these areas. The natural capital per person can be calculated by taking the total population and then dividing it by the number of hectares of bioproductive land. The current value for individual Ecological Footprint is 4.7 on the planet per person. The average productivity of different bioproductive area varies from other areas as they depend upon the weather conditions and the way the area is maintained. For example the average productivity of croplands is more than any other land types. Thus the areas productivity is converted into its corresponding equivalence factor so as to represent it in global hectares. The equivalence factor remains the same for all nations but it varies each year because of relative productivity and the land usage depending upon the environmental factors (weather). Figure 3 The average bioproductive area per person worldwide was 1.8 approximately in 2006. The World Wide Fund for Nature claims that the human ecological footprint has exceeded the planets biocapacity by 20%. Footprint per capita of: United States of America- 9.0 gha Switzerland- 5.6 gha China- 1.8 gha The average Ecological Shoe Size for different regions in global hectares can be seen below. North America leads the chart with the highest ecological footprint. Figure 4 Among the nations United States of America, India and China have the highest Ecological Footprint. While calculating the EF without knowing the population size of that country it cannot be stated what the population or each individual is demanding. Both India and China are highly populated countries but their resource usage is below the world average value. In case of US, the average footprint per person is five times that of the world average. Ecological Footprint of individuals residing in developing countries is less than the individuals residing in developed countries. Developed countries use advance technology and have modern infrastructure which require more resources for their working and maintenance thus making its individual Ecological Footprint above 4.7. In case of developing countries the value is low because of less industrialization and usually floats below 4.7. APPLICATION OF ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT The Ecological Footprint can be applied to organizations, individuals, territories, cities, states, nations and world as a whole. It helps in planning and to budget the natural capital. Thus the EF can be used in for different applications and it can be ensured that the EF remains as low as possible. This can be done by: Using resource efficient technologies that require minimal natural capital. Motivating people to maintain a clean environment by reducing the need of fossil fuel and by making the area pedestrian friendly. Encourage family planning and reduce family size so that per person consumption of resources is saved. SUBSETS OF ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT The Ecological Footprint can be further categorized into: Carbon Footprint Water Footprint Both the types of footprints are briefly taken up in following sections. CARBON FOOTPRINT The term Carbon Footprint refers to the total bunch of Green House Gases emissions caused by a person, product, community, organization or an activity. The Carbon Footprint is usually measured in terms of amount of carbon dioxide released; it can be either in percentage of carbon dioxide (gas) or in kilograms of carbon (solid particles). Carbon Footprint is a division of Ecological Footprint and Life Cycle Assessment. A Green House Gas Assessment can be taken up to calculate individuals, organizations and nations Carbon Footprint. Once the Carbon Footprint is known various strategies can be devised to reduce it. Few Strategies are: Adopting Cleaner Technology process Efficient product and process management Using green product; which are eco- friendly Using renewable sources of energy Procuring and using green raw materials Adopting waste management practices Practising Carbon offsetting programmes Carbon Offsetting is the reduction of Carbon footprint by the mitigation of Carbon Footprints through alternative project development like wind energy, solar energy, and reforestation. TWO PARTS OF CARBON FOOTPRINT A Carbon Footprint is made up of two parts: Primary footprint and Secondary footprint. Primary Footprint: Primary Footprint refers to the direct emission of Carbon Dioxide into the atmosphere. Direct emission can be by burning of fossil fuels, transportation, factory chimneys, burning of crops for crop rotation, etc. Secondary Footprint: Secondary Footprint refers to the indirect emission of Carbon Dioxide. Indirect emission refers to getting associated with the product or process which is directly emitting carbon dioxide. Example of Secondary Footprint is buying products wherein during the product lifecycle carbon dioxide emission had taken place. So the more you buy the more you will contribute towards secondary emission. The following questionnaire can be taken to check how much an individual contributes towards indirect carbon dioxide emission. Do you eat vegetarian food or non vegetarian food? Do you buy or grow organic food? Do you buy local food and goods? Do you buy new clothes or second hand clothes? Do you buy new appliances or second hand appliances? Do you use things that are recyclable? Do you try to use common vehicle while travelling? The chart below shows the amount of Carbon dioxide release in to the atmosphere: Primary Footprint Figure 5 WATER FOOTPRINT Water Footprint is an accounting tool to measure the total volume of fresh water used for goods and production manufacturing and consumed by individuals, groups or community. Water Footprint is measured in terms of volume consumed or water polluted per unit of time. Water Footprint can be calculated for consumers or producers. Consumers include an individual, community, family, society, village, province or a city. Producers include public or private organizations. Water Footprint is an indicator which not only measures the volume of water used or polluted but also the regions and locations. Water Footprint is a novel subset of Ecological Footprint and it does not provide any light on contribution of embedded water towards environmental impact or water stress. COMPONENTS OF WATER FOOTPRINT Water Footprint consists of 3 components: Blue Water Footprint: It accounts to the total volume of freshwater that has been used or evaporated from surface or ground water to produce products and services which are consumed by individual, groups or society. Green Water Footprint: It accounts to the total volume of water evaporated from the soil (moisture content of the soil because of rain water) Grey Water Footprint: It accounts to the volume of polluted water that is used for the production of goods and services for groups, society or individuals. It also refers to the amount of water required to dilute the pollutants such that the water remains above the acceptable standards for water quality. WATER FOOTPRINT OF INDIVIDUAL CONSUMERS Water Footprint for individual consumers refers to the total amount of fresh water consumed either directly or indirectly by the them. Direct consumption is the water used at home for drinking, washing, cleaning and other purposes. Indirect consumption is the total volume of fresh water used for producing goods and other services which are then consumed by the consumers. The average Water Footprint worldwide is 1240 m3 water/person/year. Chinese: 700 m3 water/person/year United States of America: 2480 m3 water/person/year Finnish: 1730 m3 water/person/year United Kingdom: 1695 m3 water/person/year WATER FOOTPRINT OF BUSINESSES The corporate water footprint is the total volume of freshwater that is either directly or indirectly used for carrying out business activities. The Water Footprint for corporate organization consists of two components: the direct use of water by the producer for supporting activities and the indirect use of water during the supply chain process. WATER FOOTPRINTS OF NATIONS Water Footprint of Nations depicts the usage of water for producing the products and services which are to be consumed by the citizen of that nation. This Water Footprint has two components: the Internal Water Footprint and the External Water Footprint. Internal Water Footprint refers to the requisition of domestic water resources and external Water Footprint refers to requisition of water resources in some other countries. In Japan, 65% of total Water Footprint comes from other country. CONCLUSION Ecological Footprint, Carbon Footprint and Water Footprint are very important accounting tool to measure bioproductive areas capacity, carbon dioxide emission and the usage of fresh water. The consequence of increased Carbon Footprint means more emission of Green House gases which leads to Global Warming and climatic changes. There have been noticeable changes in the environment and the weather in the past two decades. Human activities has badly hampered the chemical composition of the atmosphere by practising and using products that emit Green House Gases (GHG). The consequence of GHG accumulation is that the atmosphere blanket will deplete and a blanket of GHG will form around the earth. This will lead to extremely high temperature resulting into melting of icebergs and snow. The sea level will rise tremendously and will destruct everything. The high temperatures may also expand the deserts thereby altering the countryside permanently. The early symptoms are already been seen such as change in the local climate, crop yields, human health, growing number of diseases, and water supplies. All individuals must take the Carbon Footprint test which is called the Carbon Calculator. The test will help in determining an individual attachment with carbon. Whatever be an individuals score it is every human beings responsibility to save the planet and to minimise the release of Green House Gases. At individual level various activities can be taken to reduce an individuals Carbon Footprint. At Corporate level the organization must adopt a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Policy to which it will always abide. A corporate must practice and use such products or materials which are eco friendly. The corporate must ensure that all its employees participate in CSR activities and work together towards environmental sustainability. The Corporate must also measure its Water Footprint and must always replenish the water source from where it has taken fresh water for its production of goods and services. Multinational Companies who can afford should build up rain water harvesting plants and sheds for social welfare. The Companies can themselves take initiatives to educate the people and improve the society and set a path towards environmental sustainability.

Pfizer Drug Suit :: essays research papers

Pfizer and the Nigerian Trovan Suit   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There has been a controversy about the experimental testing of the drug Trovan (trovafloxacin), by Pfizer, a major pharmaceutical company. Pfizer held clinical trials of the drug in Kano, Nigeria, during the 1996 epidemic of bacterial meningitis. The experiments were conducted on 200 children and were said to be successful. Recently, 30 Nigerian families of the children used in the experiments filed a lawsuit against Pfizer claiming they had violated laws by not obtaining permission from the families. (Reliefweb) This lawsuit is unprecedented. I believe Pfizer handled this experiment with good intentions and the press, namely the Washington Post, has unfairly portrayed them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently restricted the use of the antibiotic, Trovan, after it has been proven to cause liver failure and a small number of deaths when prescribed for many types of infections. Doctors were warned to reserve the use of Trovan for use only in the treatment of patients who meet very specific requirements. (Branch Law) Although it is harmful when used for certain ailments, Pfizer reports that Trovan has proven to be effective in treating meningococcal meningitis. This was determined during the experiments in Nigeria which were supervised by both American and Nigerian doctors. (Pfizer)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This experiment took place in Africa because of its recurring meningitis epidemic, which kills thousands of people. Pfizer took the opportunity to compare Trovan with ceftrixone, which was the commonly used drug at the time, to prove its effectiveness. One hundred patients were given Trovan and another 100 ceftrixone. In each group ninety-four percent of patients survived. â€Å"This mortality rate of 6% for both patient groups was lower than that seen in †¦patients with non-epidemic meningitis (range 6-10%), and lower than the overall fatality rate for this particular epidemic (10-30%).†(Pfizer) The incidence of side effects while using Trovan was not any higher than with ceftrixone. Oral Trovan proved to be a very safe, useful and promising treatment for this disease as compared to using other methods, which had to be given intravenously and could spread hepatitis or HIV. Pfizer states that, â€Å"The trial was designed and conducted in accordance with good medical practice and ethical norms.† They also said that both the Nigerian Ministry of Health and a local Nigerian ethics committee approved the experiment and a copy of this was sent to the FDA. â€Å"Prior to treatment, informed consent was obtained.

series reasons :: essays research papers

These are reasons from every Evangelion episode and movie. Most of the information isn't in order. I really hae to go back and fix that, but you can deal with it for now . . . Episode I: 1) Rei appears as a mirage in the the beginning. This could have many meanings, like it tell us what kind of person Shinji is. When Shinji met Rei in front of Eva Unit 01 later in the show, he looked at her, as if he'd seen her before. De ja vu = love, and I don't think they put that there for no readon. (Borrowed from Ryan Xavier's Shinji/Rei site) 2) Shinji pilots Evangelion Unit 01 (who has rejected everyone up to now) and uses it to fight the Third Angel just so Rei won't pilot it and get destroyed. We can call Rei the damsel in distress in this scene. Episode II: 1) We only see Rei one in this episode, and that's when she's on a stretcher. She merely gazes at Shinji, and Shinji gazes back. We all know Rei is a thinking person, questioning her feelings. She could be contemplating why this boy decided to pilot Unit 01 just so she wouldn't die. Remember, she is "expendable". Episode V: 1) Shinji notices that Rei is always alone. He wonders why, and continues to think about this "girl who has no friends". 2) He gropes over her. Accident or no accident, it's undeniably intamacy. Episode VI: 1) Shinji burns his hands and leaves permenant marks on them while trying to pull Rei out of the entry plug. After he sees Rei is alright, he breaks down in tears. I don't remember him doing so for anyone else. 2) Rei smiles for Shinji. The firt time in her fourteen years of life she does so for another person. (Gendou doesn't count, he was a parent figure) Episode IX: 1) Shinji and Asuka have been living in the same apartment, yet Shinji and Rei pull off a perfect synch during the synch training. Many people have said this is because Yui Ikari's soul is within Rei. Wrong. Yui's soul is within Unit 01. The perfect synch between the two could be a sign . . . Episode XI: 1) As the Eva Pilots are going to Nerv, and when the pilots are climbing the vents, Rei's eyes go to Shinji.

Policy in Higher Education in USA Essay

Higher education in the USA has been receiving the highest enrolments for students in colleges and universities followed by the UK (Dill, 2007). Public research funding continues to increase annually to ensure that the students are comfortable and the enrolments should keep on increasing. The number of international students is also increasing and these overseas students are vital for institutional funding and without them the sector would be literary bankrupt whilst many of the science and technology departments would have few or no postgraduate students. Although the revenue position of USA universities has improved, there remains a large backlog of investment in infrastructure especially for teaching. The higher institutions will continue to be the subject of pressures from the government and employees to be more efficient and relevant and provide a better learning and social experience for the students’ money. Some literature review to the same reveal that services have ventured into synchronous forms of communication using chat technologies, enabling an interactive, real time connection (Alderman, & Brown, 2005).. Its main advantages include its instant gratification that education can now be assessed from everywhere and can be set into a 24/7 service (Dill, 2007). Yet much of the literature reports low uptake and dissatisfaction. Description of the policy issue To tackle the problem of the high numbers of students going for higher education then there should be an increase in the fee cap coupled by the reduction in generosity of the present student support regime (Alderman, & Brown, 2007). Raising the fees is likely to create gut effects for competition that will exacerbate the differences in funding and reputation between institutions and the social groups which they serve without any compensating gains in effectiveness or efficiency. The distorting influence of prestige in US means that the educational costs for elite universities provide a price umbrella to the rest of the system and present spending targets of less elite institutions that wish to compete by raising their prices (Brown, 2006). Competitive markets will encourage an academic arms race for prestige amongst all institutions, which rapidly increase the cost of higher education and devalue the improvement of student learning. Away of making the policy applicable is to have some cut off points for pursuing a certain level of education. Also particular courses which are in high demand, the cut off grade for pursuing the same should be high to standardize the quality of education offered. The state should dedicate funds in forms of loans and also avail an amble atmosphere for research work. It should also make sure that students have internship programs to enable them put into practice what they learn. Others the federals can offer them employment opportunities so that they work while pursuing their education. What the state should attempt to do and how The immediate response is likely to be an increase in inter-institutional collaboration in order to strengthen market position and to make better use of resources (Alderman, & Brown, 2005). This is likely to be in a number of ways: local collaboration with other higher education institutions within US, collaboration with institutions overseas so that students don’t have to come all the way to the USA to look for higher education when they can access the same services while in their home countries, and collaboration with partners outside the sector. Conclusions The presented policy may not be easy to achieve especially in teaching as older universities will fear to collaborate with new ones for fear of loosing prestige. Some newer universities on the other hand may not want to collaborate with competitors. However the state should see to it that the collaboration is not tampered with and all institutions work together for the benefit of all people who are in need of higher education (Dill, 2007). References Alderman, G & Brown, R (2005), Can Quality Assurance Survive The Market Accreditation and Audit at the Crossroads? Higher Education Quarterly Vol. 59, no. 4 Alderman, G & Brown, R (2007), American and British Higher Education: Common Problems, Common Responses. College and University Journal, vol. 82, no 3, 19-24. Brown, R. (2006) Higher Education and the Market. New York and London: Routledge Dill, D. (2007) â€Å"Will market competition assure academic quality? An analysis of the UK and US experience† in Westerheijden, D. , Stensaker, B. and Rosa, M. J. (Eds) Quality Assurance in Higher Education: Trends in Regulation, Translation and Transformation Dordrecht: Springer